The majority of the studied population was vaccinated by PNI and showed excellent anti-HBs titer levels, even experiencing a progressive reduced response over the time.

(NHIS) introduced the RSA (Risk Sharing Agreement) to ensure patient access to new drugs while holding the pharmaceutical industry responsible for the part of financial burden that could arise from uncertain performance of the drug. Only the prescription drugs indicated for cancer and rare diseases were eligible for the RSA. We aimed to document the outcomes of the RSA to inform the stakeholders of potential changes for cost-effective implementation of RSA. Methods: All the RSAs that the NHIS has finalized until June 1, 2019 were included. They were classified in terms of agreement type, indication, drug class (ATC 5 category), and the origin of the agreement holder. The agreement type was budget cap, fixed amount refund per unit sold and CED (Coverage with Evidence Development). The origin of the agreement holder was either domestic or global. The outcomes of RSA were examined in terms of adoption rates and post-implementation events. Results: As of June 1, 2019, there were 39 RSAs with 4 (10.3%) being expired. Expenditure cap had the highest share (46.2%), followed by refund type (33.3%). The CED (coverage with evidence development) had the lowest share (2.6%). The majority of the drugs had an indication of cancer (71.8%). Most of the RSAs were originated by global companies (82.1%). As for the RSA outcomes, while CED was viewed most desirable, it no longer existed at the end of the study period. As for the expenditure cap RSAs, no RSA exceeded the cap regardless the drug class. Conclusions: The result of this study inform the policy makers of the importance in determining the advantages and disadvantages of RSAs for different types as the pharmaceutical industry demands RSAs for more indications other than cancer and rare conditions.

Cure rate models in survival data studies has formed an important field in the area and has attracted the attention of researchers. In the search for new models of cure rate, the objective of this work is to propose alternative methods to model the cure rate. For this two methods are presented. The first use the methodology of the defective models and the last method use the concept the distributions family. Then, in the first method propose the defective models induced by a frailty term. Defective models have the advantage of modeling the proportion of cured without adding any extra parameters in the model, in contrast to the most models from the literature. Models with a frailty term incorporate an unobserved heterogeneity among individuals and this incorporation brings advantages for the estimated model, because it incorporates the influence of unobserved covariates in a proportional hazard model. It is showed that the new defective distributions are induced when using the gamma frailty term. The last method proposed in this work, is to use distribution families to calculate the cure rate. For this, a parameter "p" is included in the Beta-G family in order to create a new family of cure rate models, the new family can be more flexible for modeling cure rate than the standard mixture models.

No abstract