Colorectal cancer (CRC) burden across the world is expected to increase by ~2.2 million new cases and ~1.1 million deaths by 2030. Regular physical exercise is recommended to prevent CRC, but the myriad of protocols preclude further discussion on how to manage its variables for this population. Home-based exercise guided by remote monitoring provides an alternative to surpass the barriers of supervised exercise. However, no meta-analysis was conducted to verify the effectiveness of this intervention for improving physical activity (PA). We performed a systematic review of remote and unsupervised strategies imposed on CRC patients for improving PA and compared, via a meta-analysis, their effectiveness against CRC patients submitted to usual care or no intervention. The databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on 20 September 2022. Eleven studies attained the criteria for eligibility in the qualitative approach, and seven were included in the meta-analysis. No significant effect (p = 0.06) of remote and unsupervised exercise intervention was observed. However, a sensitivity analysis including three studies that only considered CRC patients was performed, demonstrating a significant effect in favor of exercise (p = 0.008). Based on our sensitivity analysis, remote and unsupervised exercise strategies were effective to improve the PA of CRC patients.

Staphylococcus aureus tem sido destacado devido sua capacidade de expressar uma variedade de fatores de virulência e adquirir resistência aos agentes antimicrobianos, resultando em um largo espectro de doenças que são cada vez mais difíceis de serem tratadas. Além disso, um número cada vez maior de linhagens de S. aureus tem demonstrado resistência aos agentes antimicrobianos; por esta razão, S. aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) e S. aureus multirresistente (MDRSA) têm sido reconhecidos como as principais causas de infecções hospitalares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar conceitos relacionados às estratégias inovadoras desenvolvidas para combater infecções causadas por S. aureus. A obtenção dos dados bibliográficos foi realizada através da pesquisa em bancos de dados (Google scholar, NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed e Scielo - Scientific Electronic Library Online). Novas estratégias para o combate de infecções causadas por S. aureus estão sendo desenvolvidas, com ênfase na (i) redução da resistência a antibióticos, (ii) inibição de fatores de virulência do patógeno (produção de coagulases, biofilme, toxinas e/ou estafiloxantina), (iii) ou no aumento da resposta imune do hospedeiro. O estudo mostrou que o desenvolvimento e implantação de novas terapias antivirulência e imunomoduladoras podem resultar no descobrimento e aplicação de novos compostos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho poderá contribuir como fonte de informação para estudos posteriores de conhecimento, prevenção e controle de infecções causadas por S. aureus.

This study comprises two complementary experiments with athymic Balb/c (Nu/Nu) mice. In experiment 1, the aim was to verify the reproducibility of the peak velocity (VPeak) determined from the incremental test. The second experiment aimed to assess the VPeak sensitivity to prescribe and detect modulations of the physical training in athymic nude mice. Sixteen mice were submitted to two incremental treadmill tests separated by 48-h (Experiment 1). The test consisted of an initial warm-up of 5 minutes. Subsequently, animals initiated the tests at 8 m min−1 with increments of 2 m min−1 every 3 minutes. The VPeak was determined as the highest velocity attained during the protocol. In experiment 2, these animals were randomly allocated to an exercise group (EG) or a control group (CG). The training protocol consisted of 30-min of treadmill running at 70% of the VPeak five times a week for 4 weeks. High indexes of reproducibility were obtained for VPeak (Test = 19.7 ± 3.6 m min−1; Retest = 19.2 ± 3.4 m min−1; p = 0.171; effect size = 0.142; r = 0.90). Animals from the EG had a significant increase of VPeak (Before = 18.4 ± 2.7 m min−1; After = 24.2 ± 6.0 m min−1; p = 0.023). Conversely, a significant decrease was observed for the CG (Before = 21.1 ± 3.9 m min−1; After = 15.9 ± 2.7 m min−1; p = 0.038). The VPeak is a valid parameter for exercise prescription in studies involving athymic nude mice.

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