BACKGROUNDPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus seem to belong to different serological and clinical subgroups of the disease. Genetic background can cause the appearance of these subgroups.OBJECTIVETo determine whether Brazilian patients who have systemic lupus erythematosus and Raynaud's phenomenon differ from those who do not.METHODSRetrospective analysis of 373 medical records of systemic lupus erythematosus patients studied for demographic, clinical and serological data. A comparative analysis was performed of individuals with and without RP.RESULTSThere was a positive association between Raynaud's phenomenon and age at diagnosis (p=0.02), presence of anti-Sm (p=0.01) antibodies and anti-RNP (p<0.0001). Furthermore, a negative association was found between Raynaud's phenomenon and hemolysis (p=0.01), serositis (p=0.01), glomerulonephritis (p=0.0004) and IgM aCL (p=0.004) antibodies.CONCLUSIONRaynaud's phenomenon patients appear to belong to a systemic lupus erythematosus subset with a spectrum of clinical manifestations located in a more benign pole of the disease.

BACKGROUND Background: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients, mainly those with advanced disease, may have postural difficulties. In these patients the spine may became stiff due to the chronic inflammatory process of fibroconnective tissues and bones, leading to hip flexion, increase in dorsal kyphosis and loss of lumbar and cervical lordosis. Knee flexion occurs as a compensatory mechanism promoting the appearance of the classic skier posture. Such malalignment causes dislocation of the center of mass of the trunk, disturbing static and dynamic balance. It also causes difficulties in looking up and creating visual inputs that are important to compensate the negative effects of postural instability. Aim: To study balance impairment and falls in SpA patients and its association with clinical and epidemiological variables, disease activity, functional and metrology indexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Cross sectional study of 55 SpA patients with axial disease. Clinical and epidemiological were collected from the charts. Balance was accessed by Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The following instruments were applied: ASDAS (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score)-ESR, ASDAS-CRP, BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), BASFI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), BASMI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index) and ASQoL (Ankylosing spondylitis quality of life questionnaire). The number of falls in the last year was collected. RESULTS Results: In this sample, 30.9% had high risk of falls by the BBS and 25.4% recalled having at least one fall in the last years. The BBS values were lower in those with white ethnic background (p=0.01); smokers (p=0.03) and with HLA-B27 (p=0.03) and correlated inversely with BASDAI (rho=-0.28), ASDAS-ESR (rho=-0.32) and ASDAS-CRP (rho=-0.33), BASFI (rho=-0.71,p<0.0001), BASMI (rho=-0.80; p<0.0001), and age (rho=-0.50;p<0.001). Multivariated analysis showed that BASFI and BASMI were independently associated with BBS (p=0.02 and 0.0001 respectively). Patients with falls had lower BBS (p=0.03) and loss of balance correlated with impairment of the quality of life (rho=-0.56;p<0.001). CONCLUSION Conclusions: Conclusions: Balance is impaired in almost 1/3 of SpA patients and the BBS is associated mainly with functional and metrology indexes, showing that patients with severe cumulative damage are more affected.

SLE patients have more deficiency of vitamin D than controls. This deficiency is not associated with disease activity but with leucopenia (granulocytopenia).

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