The Central Yakutian permafrost landscape is rapidly being modified by land use and global warming, but small‐scale thermokarst process variability and hydrological conditions are poorly understood. We analyze lake‐area changes and thaw subsidence of young thermokarst lakes on ice‐complex deposits (yedoma lakes) in comparison to residual lakes in alas basins during the last 70 years for a local study site and we record regional lake size and distribution on different ice‐rich permafrost terraces using satellite and historical airborne imagery. Statistical analysis of climatic and ground‐temperature data identified driving factors of yedoma‐ and alas‐lake changes. Overall, lake area is larger today than in 1944 but alas‐lake levels have oscillated greatly over 70 years, with a mean alas‐lake‐radius change rate of 1.6 ± 3.0 m/yr. Anthropogenic disturbance and forest degradation initiated, and climate forced rapid, continuous yedoma‐lake growth. The mean yedoma lake‐radius change rate equals 1.2 ± 1.0 m/yr over the whole observation period. Mean thaw subsidence below yedoma lakes is 6.2 ± 1.4 cm/yr. Multiple regression analysis suggests that winter precipitation, winter temperature, and active‐layer properties are primary controllers of area changes in both lake types; summer weather and permafrost conditions additionally influence yedoma‐lake growth rates. The main controlling factors of alas‐lake changes are unclear due to larger catchment areas and subsurface hydrological conditions. Increasing thermokarst activity is currently linked to older terraces with higher ground‐ice contents, but thermokarst activity will likely stay high and wet conditions will persist within the near future in Central Yakutian alas basins.

The results of this study show that the adjuvant application of the described PDT method is appropriate to reduce periodontal inflammatory symptoms and to successfully treat infection with F. nucleatum.

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Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of normobaric hypoxia on myocardial function in healthy humans. Fourteen subjects underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) examination during normoxia and in a normobaric hypoxia chamber. Examinations were performed at rest and during bicycle exercise test. The following parameters were quantified in both atria and ventricles by 2D-STE: Global Strain (S), systolic strain rate (SRS), early (SRE) and late (SRA) diastolic strain rate. During hypoxia SRS and SRE increased significantly in both ventricles compared to baseline. The increase of LV SRS and SRE during normoxic exercise was significantly higher when compared with exercise under hypoxia (for SRS -0.55 ± 0.22 vs. -0.34 ± 0.24 1/s, p = 0.024; for SRE 0.56 ± 0.29 vs. 0.23 ± 0.29 1/s, p = 0.005). For the right ventricle (RV) no significant difference of exercise induced increase of systolic contractility was found (SRS -1.07 ± 0.53 under normoxia vs. -1.28 ± 0.24 1/s under hypoxic conditions, p = 0.47). A shift from passive conduit (SRE) to active contraction (SRA) phase during hypoxia was noted for the right atrium (RA) (SRE/SRA 0.72 ± 0.13 under hypoxia vs. 1.17 ± 0.17 under normoxia). The ratio SRE/SRA of RA was closely related to pulmonary systolic pressure (r = -0.78, p < 0.001). Exposure to normobaric hypoxia leads to an increase of regional myocardial deformation in both ventricles. The contractile reserve during hypoxic exercise is reduced in LV, whereas RV systolic deformation rate is maintained. In addition, hypoxia had an impact on the ratio of passive conduit to active contraction phase in right atrium.

Purpose Although pregnancy and childbirth are physiological processes they may be associated with pelvic floor disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pelvic floor muscle training on postpartum pelvic floor and sexual function of primiparous. Methods This is a randomized prospective study including 300 primiparous women. Due to the dropout 200 women were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were the delivery of the first, mature baby, the ability to speak and understand German. The participants were evaluated by clinical examinations and questionnaires after 6 and 12 months postpartum. After 6 months, the women were randomized in two groups. Compared to the control group the intervention groups participated in 45-min pelvic floor muscle training and pelvic floor perception once a week over 6 weeks. Results The results of the questionnaires showed no significant differences between the groups after 12 months. A significant stronger pelvic floor muscle strength was found for the intervention group after 12 months. The improvement of the pelvic floor and sexual function over the time showed a significant improvement in both groups. Conclusion Supervised pelvic floor muscle training did not improve both the pelvic floor and the female sexual function in comparison to the control group. After 12 months, the pelvic floor and sexual function improved significant in all women. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00024725), retrospectively registrated.