The study highlighted the importance of providing health preprofessional students with resources to improve skills on their own, remote access to library staff members, and instruction on the complexity of building health literacy skills, while also building relationships among students, librarians, and faculty.

Academic libraries are well lauded for offering supportive spaces for students' self-directed study, and significant resources are dedicated to librarian instruction in the classroom. What many academic libraries lack, however, is a middle ground, a routine way for students to help one another using best practices in peer-to-peer learning theory. A new, nonauthoritative, supplemental service by students and for students began at Grand Valley State University in Allendale, MI, in fall 2012 with a cohort of "peer research consultants." Students learn information literacy skills with a well-trained peer, untethered from the hierarchy inherent in formal instruction environments. This paper describes the program design, training, and conclusions after two academic years in operation and argues the value of peer tutoring in libraries.

Many surface waters across the boreal region are browning due to increased concentrations of colored allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Browning may stimulate heterotrophic metabolism, may have a shading effect constraining primary production, and may acidify the water leading to decreased pH with a subsequent shift in the carbonate system. All these effects are expected to result in increased lake water carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. We tested here these expectations by assessing the effects of both altered allochthonous DOC input and light conditions through shading on lake water CO2 concentrations. We used two mesocosm experiments with water from the meso‐eutrophic Lake Erken, Sweden, to determine the relative importance of bacterial activities, primary production, and shifts in the carbonate system on CO2 concentrations. We found that DOC addition and shading resulted in a significant increase in partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in all mesocosms. Surprisingly, there was no relationship between bacterial activities and pCO2. Instead the experimental reduction of light by DOC and/or shading decreased the photosynthesis to respiration ratio leading to increased pCO2. Another driving force behind the observed pCO2 increase was a significant decrease in pH, caused by a decline in photosynthesis and the input of acidic DOC. Considering that colored allochthonous DOC may increase in a warmer and wetter climate, our results could also apply for whole lake ecosystems and pCO2 may increase in many lakes through a reduction in the rate of photosynthesis and decreased pH.

Ten healthy adults participated in a randomized, crossover drug interaction study testing procainamide only, procainamide plus levofloxacin, and procainamide plus ciprofloxacin. During levofloxacin therapy, most procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) pharmacokinetic parameters, including decreased renal clearances and renal clearance/creatinine clearance ratios, changed (P < 0.05). During ciprofloxacin treatment, only procainamide and NAPA renal clearances decreased significantly.Renal drug interactions in patients are often overlooked when new drug therapy is added to existing therapeutic regimens. Procainamide, N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA; the active metabolite of procainamide), and several fluoroquinolone antibiotics are eliminated renally by active tubular secretion (9,11,15,16,21). Procainamide serum concentrations increase and its pharmacokinetics change due to concurrent therapy with ofloxacin (15). The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of a renal drug interaction between procainamide and levofloxacin, one of the stereoisomers of ofloxacin. For comparison, the potential for a ciprofloxacin-procainamide drug interaction was also studied.(A portion of this work was presented in abstract form at the 2001 American College of Clinical Pharmacology Annual Meeting, Tampa, Fla.)Ten healthy adults (five males, five females; ages, 21 to 35 years; weights, 52 to 87 kg; seven Caucasians, three Asians) participated in the study. The investigation was approved by the university human subjects committee, and subjects provided written informed consent. All individuals had normal physical examinations, laboratory screening tests (serum electrolytes, renal and liver function tests, and complete blood cell counts), and 12-lead electrocardiograms. Subjects were within 20% of their ideal body weight, did not smoke tobacco-containing products, had no known allergy to study medications, took no additional medications, and, if female, had negative serum pregnancy tests (6). Beverages containing alcohol or methylxanthines were not allowed during the study period.The study was a three-way randomized, controlled trial designed to investigate a potential drug interaction between procainamide and two fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Subjects were not blinded from antibiotic study drugs because of obvious differences in dosage forms and administration schedules. Each of the following procedures was performed with procainamide alone (control phase) or on the fifth day of fluoroquinolone oral administration (500 mg of levofloxacin every day at 0800 h and 500 mg of ciprofloxacin every 12 h at 0800 h and 2000 h). Prior to admission to the Clinical Research Center for administration of procainamide, subjects were allowed to selfadminister the fluoroquinolone at home; compliance was assured by inspection of a medication administration diary, tablet counts of doses remaining in the pill vial, and subject interviews by investigators. In order for the study to proceed, all drug doses needed to be administered within 15 ...

INTRODUCTION As the open access movement has fostered a shift from subscriber-funded journals to author-pays models, scholars seek funding for the dissemination of their research. In response to this need, some libraries have established open access funds at their institutions. This paper presents an evaluation of an open access fund at a comprehensive university. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM/SERVICE Wanting to learn how faculty have benefitted from an open access publishing fund, Grand Valley State University Libraries surveyed recipients of the fund. The survey asked authors why they chose an open access publishing option and whether the fund influenced this decision. Authors were also asked whether they perceived that selecting an open access option broadened exposure to their work and about their likelihood of choosing open access in the future. NEXT STEPS This article shares the results of this small survey and explores next steps in promoting and evaluating the fund and opportunities for focusing educational efforts across campus.