Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits and seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits have a spatial and genetic connection with contemporaneous volcanism. The control exerted by the volcanic succession (e.g., rock type, architecture and facies) on the nature and style of the ore and alteration (e.g., subsea-floor replacement vs. exhalative, or discordant vs. conformable) is significant, making it imperative to understand the local volcanology in developing better genetic and exploration models.

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