RESUMOIntrodução: O Teste Citogenético do Micronúcleo é um biomarcador que fornece informações para avaliar lesões cromossômicas oriundas de ações genotóxicas. A frequência de micronúcleos pode ser mensurada em situações de exposição a ambiente e substâncias com alto poder genotóxico. Muitas anemias apresentam sua gênese na deficiência nutricional e têm como consequência o aumento das lesões no DNA, assim como estresse oxidativo elevado. Ácido fólico e vitamina B12 determinam maior instabilidade cromossômica, seja pela carência de cofatores ou por lesões oxidativas no material genético, com implicações para o sistema de reparo do DNA. Objetivos: Considerando a correlação entre as anemias e os danos ao material genético, objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar a frequência de micronucleação e de outras alterações nucleares em células da mucosa bucal de adultos anêmicos. Métodos: estudo conduzido com 60 indivíduos, dos quais 30 eram anêmicos e 30 compunham o grupo controle. As amostras foram colhidas e processadas conforme protocolo preestabelecido, e as lâminas confeccionadas foram avaliadas microscopicamente para os critérios de proliferação, de genotoxicidade, de citotoxicidade e de morte celular. Para análise estatística, os testes t de Student, de Levene, de correlação de Pearson, e teste de Shapiro-Wilk foram utilizados para a correlação das variáveis. Resultados: A frequência de micronucleação e de outras alterações nucleares foram maiores em anêmicos, enquanto o grupo controle apresentou maior capacidade proliferativa. Além disso, os hábitos de vida também influíram nos critérios celulares avaliados. Conclusões: A elevada frequência de micronúcleos em anêmicos foi atribuída ao estresse oxidativo, ao déficit nutricional ou a outras condições predisponentes, como a etiologia genética da anemia ou a presença de doença crônica. Palavras-chave: anemia; genotoxicidade; testes para micronúcleos. ABSTRACT Introduction:The Micronucleus Cytogenetic Test is a biomarker that provides information to assess chromosomal damage which arises from genotoxic actions. The micronucleus frequency can be measured at situations of substances and environmental exposure with high genotoxic power. Many anemias have their genesis in nutritional deficiencies and have the consequence of an increment in DNA lesions, altogether with high oxidative stress. Folic acid and B12 vitamin determines more chromosomal instability, such cofactors deficiency or oxidative lesions in genetic material, with implications in DNA repair system. Objectives: Considering the correlation of the anemias and damage to genetic material, the present study aims to evaluate the micronucleation rate and other nuclei alterations in oral mucosal cells of anemic adults. Methods: This study was conducted with 60 patients, 30 of them were anemic and 30 were in the control group. The samples were collected and processed according to a pre-established protocol and thereafter slides were microscopically evaluated for proliferation, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and cell death...
PURPOSE: to investigate the micronucleation (MN) of exfoliated cells from the uterine cervix of HIV+ women according to immunocompetence status. We investigated the clinical conditions of immunocompetence by analyzing the levels of CD4+ lymphocytes and viral count for HIV (VC). METHODS: biological material was collected from 23 HIV+ patients whose cervical oncologic cytology results were negative. They were patients from the STD/AIDS-FCMS-PUCSP who underwent a cytobrush collection in the squamous columnar junction. Similar material was obtained from 19 healthy control women. The material, about 2000 cells per patient, was processed for cytology using light microscopy and an immersion objective. To analyze the immunological status of HIV+ patients we used CD4+ count and VC. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ 2 and Kolmorogov-Smirnov tests. RESULTS: twenty-three pacients composed the group of HIV+ women and 19 composed the control group. We found micronuclei (MN) in all HIV+ patients and in 84.2% of the control group. In 17 73.9% of the HIV+ patients and in 5.2% of the control group we found more than 7 MN cells. MN tended to occur more among women with poorer immunological status in the HIV+ group. CONCLUSIONS: HIV+ patients in the AIDS phase have a higher prevalence of micronucleated cells, as opposed to a control group. Also, the frequency of MN was associated with worse conditions of immunosuppression.
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