Studies concerning the debris flows in mountain areas are relevant because of their potential negative effects on the human communities and infrastructure in their areas of influence. To advance the understanding of the theoretical basis, this study qualitatively analyzes the effect of lithological characteristics and soil type on the generation of debris flows in the arid basin of Mirave, in southern Peru, as a consequence of extensive rainfall. Two debris flow events are evaluated, which occurred in the studied area in March 2015 and February 2019. The method used to achieve the objective combines the use of satellite images, field data collection, and lab tests results to estimate the relative importance of the abovementioned characteristics in the generation of debris flows. The results suggest that the poor presence of clay and the predominance of sandy-loamy structured soils in the Mirave Basin make them unstable when erosion occurs. In addition, the features of broken down materials generated from residual and colluvial soils in the primary area of study are one of the main causes of debris flows in the region. Keywords: arid basin, debris flows, geotechnical characteristics, lithology.
El modelo de producción actual es responsable por el consumo del 75 % de los recursos naturales ocasionando graves problemas urbanos. El resultado de esta cadena productiva es el aumento desenfrenado de residuos de construcción en las diferentes etapas de la obra. Ante este problema ambiental, social y financiero, fue necesario investigar alternativas para reaprovechar los residuos de construcción civil que satisfagan los criterios técnicos y económicos del consumidor. Por tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el reaprovechamiento de la fracción fina de residuos de concreto (RC-fino) para el refuerzo de la subrasante. Por lo tanto, el residuo fue tratado mecánicamente (triturado y tamizado), utilizando partículas con un diámetro inferior a 2mm, fue analizada la caracterización del material a través del ensayo de termogravimetría. Se analizaron las características físicas, parámetros de compactación y capacidad portante, tanto del suelo como de las mezclas con RC-fino en proporciones de 20, 40 y 60 % en peso. Al adicionar RC-fino, existe una disminución en los límites de Atterberg, densidad específica de los sólidos y expansión. Por otra parte, el índice de CBR incrementa con relación al suelo. Se enfatiza que al adicionar residuo satisface las exigencias establecidas en las normas brasileras para refuerzo de subrasante.
Interest in research on capillary barrier (CB) in regions with humid climates (tropical and subtropical) is increasing. One of the main advantages of such cover type is the greater flexibility regarding the materials that could compose it. A possibility is the use of construction and demolition wastes (CDW), which would contribute to the solution of CDW destination, a problem in urban centers. Thus, the present work aimed an experimental evaluation of CB cover with CDW in its composition. A CB cover system was reproduced in a physical model in acrylic box, with clay soil as capillary layer and CDW as capillary block, given its granulometric and hydraulic contrast. The layers were arranged with the usual landfill slope, of 1:3, and a very heavy rain, of 90 mm, was simulated. Three tests were performed on the flume model, in which initial CDW saturation degree (S0) was varied in 4,5%, 10,3% and 17,3%. Results indicate formation, indeed, of capillary barrier between the two used materials. The most efficient model was the one with lowest initial CDW S0, of 4,5%. As the CWD S0 increased, time of flow permanence at materials interface decreased, indicating a CWD S0 in which such capillary barriers no longer function effectively. Regarding percolation rate, the maximum for a 90 mm rainfall was 2,7%, which fits the landfill cover projects criteria consulted.
The reuse of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a sustainable practice that in recent years has been investigated with great intensity around the world. Concrete waste are a part of the CDW, whose application in pavements is still under development. In this context, this article aims to evaluate the use of concrete fine fraction waste (CW-fine), with particles smaller than 2mm, to improve a soft subgrade soil of residual origin. For this purpose, their physical characteristics, the compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) have been analyzed, both of the natural soil and of the mixtures with CW-fine in proportions of 20, 40 and 60% by weight. The results show that when adding CW-fine, Atterberg limits, specific gravity of solid particles, optimum moisture content and expansion, decrease; while the maximum dry density and CBR increase. The expansion and CBR results of the soil mixture with CW-fine show acceptable values for the subgrade reinforcement, in accordance with Brazilian paving standards. Keywords: Subgrade stabilization. Concrete fine fraction waste.CBR. Resumen El reaprovechamiento de los residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) es una práctica sustentable que en los últimos años se viene investigando con gran intensidad alrededor del mundo. Los residuos de concreto son una parte de los RCD, cuya aplicación en pavimentos aún está en desarrollo. En ese contexto, este artículo pretende evaluar el uso de residuos de concreto de fracción fina (RC-fino), con partículas menores a 2mm, para mejorar un suelo de subrasante blando de origen residual. Para tal finalidad, han sido analizadas sus características físicas, parámetros de compactación Relación de Soporte de California (del inglés California Bearing Ratio, CBR), tanto del suelo natural como de las mezclas con RC-fino en proporciones de 20, 40 y 60% en peso. Los resultados muestran que al adicionar RC-fino, los valores de los límites de Atterberg, la densidad específica de los sólidos, el contenido de humedad óptimo y la expansión disminuyen; mientras que la densidad seca máxima y CBR aumentan. Los resultados de expansión y CBR de la mezcla de suelo con RC-fino, muestran valores aceptables para el refuerzo de subrasante, en conformidad con las normas brasileñas de carreteras. Palabras Clave: Estabilización de subrasante. Residuo concreto fino.CBR.
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