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1 In order to obtain more secure and reliable systems, the vast majority of RFID protocols include a Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) in its design. However, the authors often do not specify the PRNG to use and standard solutions exceed the capabilities of low-cost RFID tags. In this paper, we propose two lightweight PRNGs (AKARI-1 and AKARI-2) that meet the requirements of these systems while improving their reliability and security. They may be supported on commercial tags of low price.

Abstract. Research in authentication mechanisms has led to the design and development of new schemes. The security provided by these procedures must be reviewed and analyzed before they can be widely used.In this paper, we analyze some weaknesses of the port knocking authentication method that makes it vulnerable to many attacks. We will present the NAT-Knocking attack, in which an unauthorized user can gain access to the protected server just by being in the same network than an authorized user. We will also discuss the DoS-Knocking attack, which could lead to service disruptions due to attackers "knocking" on many ports of the protected server. Finally, we will review further implementation issues.

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