Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly and third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. There is significant heterogeneity among patients with CRC, which hinders the search for a standard approach for the detection of this disease. Therefore, the identification of robust prognostic markers for patients with CRC represents an urgent clinical need. In search of such biomarkers, a total of 114 patients with colorectal cancer and 67 healthy participants were studied. Soluble SIGLEC5 (sSIGLEC5) levels were higher in plasma from patients with CRC compared with healthy volunteers. Additionally, sSIGLEC5 levels were higher in exitus than in survivors, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed sSIGLEC5 to be an exitus predictor (area under the curve 0.853; cut-off > 412.6 ng/mL) in these patients. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with high levels of sSIGLEC5 had significantly shorter overall survival (hazard ratio 15.68; 95% CI 4.571–53.81; p ≤ 0.0001) than those with lower sSIGLEC5 levels. Our study suggests that sSIGLEC5 is a soluble prognosis marker and exitus predictor in CRC.

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 9.4% of overall cancer deaths, ranking second after lung cancer. Despite the large number of factors tested to predict their outcome, most patients with similar variables show big differences in survival. Moreover, right-sided CRC (RCRC) and left-sided CRC (LCRC) patients exhibit large differences in outcome after surgical intervention as assessed by preoperative blood leukocyte status. We hypothesised that stronger indexes than circulating (blood) leukocyte ratios to predict RCRC and LCRC patient outcomes will result from combining both circulating and infiltrated (tumour/peritumour fixed tissues) concentrations of leukocytes. AIM To seek variables involving leukocyte balances in peripheral blood and tumour tissues and to predict the outcome of CRC patients. METHODS Sixty-five patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma by the Digestive Surgery Service of the La Paz University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) were enrolled in this study: 43 with RCRC and 22 with LCRC. Patients were followed-up from January 2017 to March 2021 to record overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after surgical interventions. Leukocyte concentrations in peripheral blood were determined by routine laboratory protocols. Paraffin-fixed samples of tumour and peritumoural tissues were assessed for leukocyte concentrations by immunohistochemical detection of CD4, CD8, and CD14 marker expression. Ratios of leukocyte concentration in blood and tissues were calculated and evaluated for their predictor values for OS and RFS with Spearman correlations and Cox univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression, followed by the calculation of the receiver-operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) and the determination of Youden’s optimal cutoff values for those variables that significantly correlated with either RCRC or LCRC patient outcomes. RCRC patients from the cohort were randomly assigned to modelling and validation sets, and clinician-friendly nomograms were developed to predict OS and RFS from the respective significant indexes. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using calibration and validation plots. RESULTS The relationship of leukocyte ratios in blood and peritumour resulted in six robust predictors of worse OS in RCRC: CD8 + lymphocyte content in peritumour (CD8 pt , AUC = 0.585, cutoff < 8.250, P = 0.0077); total lymphocyte content in peritumour (CD4CD8 pt , AUC = 0.550, cutoff < 10.160, P = 0.0188); lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in peritumour (LMR pt , AUC = 0.807, cutoff < 3.185, P = 0.0028); CD8 + LMR in peritumour (CD8MR pt , AUC = 0.757, cutoff < 1.650, P = 0.0007); the ratio o...

Few reports on clinical factors, treatment, and survival in children and adolescents with Central nervous system tumors in low-income and middle-income countries in Latin America exist. We retrospectively reviewed such data in all cases of patients younger than 18 years with brain tumors diagnosed in a single tertiary care center in Peru from 2007 through 2017. Variables were analyzed for association with overall survival and event-free survival by using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox hazards ratio regression. Seventy-five patients’ data were analyzed (40 boys, 35 girls; mean age=7.7 y). The main clinical symptoms were headache, vomiting, difficulty walking, and visual disturbances. The most frequent clinical signs were hydrocephalus, cerebellar signs, visual abnormalities, and focal motor signs. The median time to diagnosis was 12 weeks. Tumor resection was performed in 68 patients, and 37 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The most frequent histologic subtypes were low-grade gliomas and medulloblastomas. Overall survival rates at 1 and 5 years of disease were 78% (CI 95%, 0.67 to 0.86) and 74% (CI 95%, 0.62 to 0.82), respectively, and the 5-year event-free survival rate was 62% (CI 95%, 0.47 to 0.73). Although diagnosis occurred late in our cohort, the survival rate was higher than that in other Latin American countries.

<p>En esta investigación se analiza la transmisión de COVID-19 por equilibrio termodinámico y energético entre áreas geográficas y su correlación con la posible transmisión de COVID-19 entre al menos 2 personas. Con el fin de lograr parámetros para los médicos, como por ejemplo la distancia mínima entre dos personas infectadas que tienen este virus, se diseñaron modelos matemáticos basados en datos estadísticos para obtener información sobre la propagación de COVID-19 como la dependencia de la temperatura de áreas geográficas, además, el efecto térmico de la distancia mínima entre dos personas evitando la infección por COVID-19. Con este trabajo, se buscan respuestas a las preguntas: ¿Si fuera posible encontrar una relación entre la temperatura y la transmisión del virus? ¿O si fuera posible obtener una variable de correlación entre variables térmicas con una separación mínima de distancia (se describió anteriormente) para dos personas? Por lo tanto, se esperan respuestas a estas preguntas debido al apoyo de los médicos, que están tratando de encontrar una solución contra la propagación de COVID-19. Vale la pena mencionar que esta investigación puede extenderse a áreas más complejas como mercados y ferias abiertas al aire libre o mercados cerrados, donde se venden productos y servicios, además, no todas las áreas tienen un sistema de aire acondicionado en Perú. Sin embargo, en esta investigación se logra la técnica, cómo resolver esta tarea: obtener parámetros de ventilación apropiados como la dependencia de la distancia mínima que las personas necesitan para separarse, para evitar la transmisión del virus entre sí. Además, se sugieren algunas características geométricas / materiales para los filtros de aire y la desinfección mediante ultravioleta (UV) en la entrada del conducto de aire principal.</p>

En esta investigación se explica las aplicaciones del algoritmo que fue propuesto para proporcionar apoyo estadístico para los médicos. El apoyo que se realizó en esta investigación busca una urgente interpretación de parámetros como la tasa de personas infectadas por COVID-19 y la tasa de personas fallecidas a causa de este virus. Además, esta investigación logra predecir las tasas que fueron proporcionadas por un modelo matemático que observa y adapta datos estadísticos reales de otros países donde están tratando de encontrar soluciones contra la propagación del COVID – 19. Esto implica que, con el fin de obtener precisión en los resultados de la predicción, fue necesario analizar cuál fue el comportamiento estadístico de China y otros países que volvieron a la normalidad de sus actividades, tal como era antes de que el virus impusiera a la población a permanecer en sus hogares. Por otro lado, se resume el crecimiento problemático del virus y algunas sugerencias de cómo evitar complicaciones profundas en la salud y la economía de las personas (por ejemplo, los días de cuarentena, como principal respuesta para atenuar el avance de este virus).