Two main problems limit the success of titanium implants: bacterial infection, which restricts their osseointegration capacity; and the stiffness mismatch between the implant and the host cortical bone, which promotes bone resorption and risk of fracture. Porosity incorporation may reduce this difference in stiffness but compromise biomechanical behavior. In this work, the relationship between the microstructure (content, size, and shape of pores) and the antibacterial and cellular behavior of samples fabricated by the space-holder technique (50 vol % NH4HCO3 and three ranges of particle sizes) is established. Results are discussed in terms of the best biomechanical properties and biofunctional activity balance (cell biocompatibility and antibacterial behavior). All substrates achieved suitable cell biocompatibility of premioblast and osteoblast in adhesion and proliferation processes. It is worth to highlighting that samples fabricated with the 100–200 μm space-holder present better mechanical behavior—in terms of stiffness, microhardness, and yield strength—which make them a very suitable material to replace cortical bone tissues. Those results exposed the relationship between the surface properties and the race of bacteria and mammalian cells for the surface with the aim to promote cellular growth over bacteria.

This article analyzes the main labor market risk management strategies adopted by the Chilean Government during the 1999 recession that was initially related to the Asian financial crisis. Their successes and failures can suggest innovative social protection solutions for other countries. It seems that the 1999-2001 labor reforms and a three-year plan to increase the minimum wage intensified the recession's effects on unemployment. Probit models indicate that households coped with the recession's effects by increasing wives' labor supply but not by withdrawing children from schools. The expansion of employment programs probably helped households to adopt these coping strategies.

Este artículo analiza la respuesta del Gobierno chileno a la recesión de 1999 tras la crisis financiera asiática, centrándose en las reformas de política macroeconómica y los factores institucionales que influyeron en dicha respuesta. El análisis se basa en un examen de la investigación anterior sobre el tema, que indica que determinadas políticas fiscales y monetarias adoptadas en 1997 y 1998 aumentaron los efectos de lo que inicialmente habían sido impactos externos. La disciplina fiscal y las sólidas instituciones públicas establecidas antes y después de tal recesión reforzaron las políticas chilenas de protección social. La reducción de la deuda pública en la década de 1990, junto con el Fondo de Estabilización de los Ingresos del Cobre establecido en 1985, la regla fiscal del superávit estructural introducida en 2000 y la nueva combinación de políticas fiscal, cambiaria y monetaria en dicha década redujeron la vulnerabilidad de Chile a las nuevas perturbaciones.

This article analyses the Chilean government's response to the 1999 recession that followed on from the Asian financial crisis, focusing on the macroeconomic policy reforms adopted and the institutional factors that influenced this response. The analysis is based on a review of previous research on the topic and suggests that some fiscal and monetary policies adopted during 1997−1998 exacerbated the effects of what were initially external shocks. However, fiscal discipline and the robust public institutions developed before and after the recession strengthened Chilean social protection policies. Specifically, public debt reduction in the 1990s, the Copper Revenue Stabilization Fund (FEC) set up in 1985, the structural surplus fiscal rule introduced in 2000 and the new monetary, exchange-rate and fiscal policy mix of that decade reduced the vulnerability of Chile to new shocks.

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