Purpose: To determine the ophthalmological findings in a case series of suspected abusive head trauma, as well as its sequels and treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series of patients under 1 year of age with suspected history of abusive head trauma caused by shaking, direct trauma, or with a clinical presentation of seizures due to encephalopathy, retinal hemorrhage, or any other systemic repercussions suggestive of the shaken baby syndrome. Results: The study included 8 subjects, of which 5 were male (62%) and 3 female (38%), with a mean age of 4.12 months (± 2 months). All of them were examined by the ophthalmology department. In 7 cases (87%), the reason for consultation was seizures. In 57% of the studied cases, the mother was the person who witnessed the symptoms. Rib, skull, tibia, acromion, and collarbone fractures were radiologically diagnosed on 4 (50%) patients. All patients (100%) had bilateral vitreoretinal involvement, including intraretinal hemorrhage (100%), vitreous hemorrhage (36%), and post-traumatic macular hole (21%). Vitrectomy was performed in 29%. Conclusions: The combination of subdural hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, and encephalopathy in subjects under 1 year of age is considered indicative of abusive, inflicted, or non-accidental head injury. While the triad cannot confirm the diagnosis of the shaken baby syndrome, these findings are highly suggestive especially due to the lack of other explanations consistent with the clinical findings. It is highly disputable whether this diagnostic triad can be used as a confirmatory tool for an abusive direct trauma, or both, and the legal consequences may be unsuspected.
Mostrar los hallazgos oculares de una serie de casos con sospecha de trauma craneal abusivo, su tratamiento y las posibles secuelas. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, serie de casos de pacientes menores de edad con sospecha de trauma craneal abusivo que presentaron crisis convulsivas por encefalopatía, hemorragias intrarretinianas y otras alteraciones sistémicas sugestivas de síndrome del niño sacudido. Resultados: Se incluyeron 8 pacientes, de los cuales 3 (38%) eran del sexo femenino y 5 (62%) del sexo masculino. En todos ellos, el servicio de oftalmología acudió como interconsultante. El motivo de consulta fue por crisis convulsivas en 7 (87%) casos. La edad media de presentación fue de 4.12 meses (± 2 meses). La persona que presenció los síntomas del infante fue la madre en el 57% de los casos. Cuatro de los pacientes (50%) presentaron fracturas (costales, craneales, tibiales, acromiales y claviculares), todas ellas diagnosticadas por estudios radiológicos. El 100% de los pacientes sufrieron lesiones intraoculares bilaterales: hemorragias intrarretinianas (100%), hemorragia vítrea (36%) y agujero macular postraumático (21%). El 29% requirió vitrectomía. Conclusiones: La observación de hemorragia subdural, hemorragia retiniana y encefalopatía se considera indicador de sacudida o maltrato de bebés, habitualmente menores de 1 año. El hallazgo de la tríada no hace el diagnóstico, pero es altamente sugestivo de este, en gran parte por la ausencia de otras explicaciones congruentes con los hallazgos clínicos. La base científica para la afirmación de que las lesiones son consecuencia de una violenta sacudida intencionada es altamente discutible y las repercusiones legales pueden tener consecuencias insospechadas.
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