Background Most of moderate and severe pTBIs are managed conservatively, but in some cases neurosurgical interventions are needed. The incidence rates of acute pTBI neurosurgery vary considerably between countries and operation types. Our goal was to assess the incidence of acute pTBI neurosurgery in Finland. Methods We conducted a retrospective Finnish register-based cohort study from 1998 to 2018. We included all patients that were 0 to 17 years of age at the time of the TBI. The incidence rates of patients with pTBI undergoing neurosurgery and the rates for specific operation types were calculated per 100,000 person-years. We compared the annual incidences with incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We stratified patients to three age categories: (i) 0 to 3 years of age, (ii) 4 to 12 years of age, and (iii) 13 to 17 years of age. Results The total number of neurosurgeries for acute pTBI during the study period was 386, and the cumulative incidence was 1.67 operations per 100,000 person-years. The cumulative incidence during the 21-year follow-up was highest at the age of 16 (IRR 4.78, CI 3.68 to 6.11). Boys had a 2.42-time higher cumulative incidence (IRR 2.35, CI 1.27 to 3.99) than girls (IRR 0.97, CI 0.35 to 2.20). The most common neurosurgery was an evacuation of an intracranial hemorrhage (n = 171; 44.3%). Conclusion The incidence of neurosurgeries for pTBIs has been stable from 1998 to 2018. The incidence was highest at the age of 16, and boys had higher incidence than girls.

Introduction The effect of lockdown on the incidence of fractures and severe injuries has been widely studied, whereas studies regarding muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries have not received as much attention. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the lockdown and later regional regulations due to the COVID pandemic on the incidence of muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries and related surgical procedures. Materials and methods This study focuses on the working-age population in the catchment areas of three major Finnish hospitals. Patients were divided into three age groups 18–34, 35–50 and 51–65 years of age. Suitable injuries were retrieved from the data using appropriate ICD-10 codes and procedure codes. The monthly incidence rate ratio (IRR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI), were compared between the year 2020 and the reference years 2017–2019. Results Upper and lower extremity injury ED visits decreased by 15.7 and 8.2%. For upper extremity injuries, a decrease in incidence was observed for all three age groups in March (IRR 0.52, CI 0.33–0.80), (IRR 0.53, CI 0.31–0.91), (IRR 0.60, CI 0.38–0.95), respectively. An increase in 18–34 years of age group was detected in June (IRR 1.49, CI 1.05–2.13). Lower extremity injuries decreased in 18–34 years of age group in March (IRR 0.62, CI 0.43–0.90) and April (IRR 0.60, CI 0.42–0.87). A decrease on the incidence of surgeries was observed in April for the 35–50 (IRR 0.53, CI 0.29–0.97) and 51–65 years of age groups (IRR 0.58, CI 0.34–0.98). Conclusions The nationwide lockdown in spring 2020 led to a notable decrease in the incidence of emergency department visits and the surgical treatment of muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries in Finland.