The incidence of Alzheimer's dementia worldwide is increasing rapidly. It is estimated that nearly 50 million people are diagnosed with dementia worldwide and 20.9 million in Asia Pacific. In Indonesia, it is estimated that there were around 1.2 million people with dementia in 2016, which will increase to 2 million in 2030 and 4 million people in 2050. The elderly/people with dementia need assistance from family members to carry out daily activities because of its limitations. This research aims to understand the needs of elderly people with dementia and caregivers who accompany them in nursing homes, to develop dignified services. The research was conducted in Jakarta with 22 research subjects, consisting of 10 elderly with dementia and ten caregivers as the primary informants and two key informants who were the caretakers of the nursing home. The method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through participant observation, in-depth interviews, document studies, and Focus Group Discussions. Data analysis used the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. The results showed that all elderly with dementia had a history of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, psychosis, insomnia, dyslipidemia, presbycusis), so they experienced moderate to severe dependence, which indicated the need for long-term care. Meanwhile, all caregivers are formal caregivers (not from the family) but have not received adequate education and training on dementia and methods of assisting the elderly with dementia.
Caregiver adalah orang dewasa yang berperan dalam memberikan pendampingan kepada lansia yang mengalami ketergantungan ringan, sedang, berat sampai total. Caregiver dapat berasal dari anggota keluarga maupun orang yang terlatih sebagai caregiver lansia yang bekerja untuk memberi layanan pendampingan di panti wreda. Karakteristik lansia di panti wreda beragam, diantaranya lansia penyandang demensia. Lansia dengan demensia mengalami perubahan pada aspek fisik, psikologis, hubungan sosial, dan kemandirian pada aktivitas sehari-hari yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Perubahan pada lansia demensia, kemampuan caregiver, dan lingkungan kerja merupakan kondisi yang dapat menimbulkan stres pada caregiver sehingga berisiko mengalami burn out. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran beban kerja caregiver dalam mendampingi lansia dengan demensia di Sasana Tresna Werdha (STW) RIA Pembangunan. Penelitian adalah studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan, telaah dokumen, dan focus group discussion kepada sepuluh responden. Analisis data menggunakan metode Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) dengan hasil wawancara ditranskrip menggunakan teknik verbatim. Hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran tentang beban kerja berlebih pada caregiver dalam mendampingi lansia dengan demensia akibat faktor kelelahan emosional yang berkaitan dengan lansia kelompok usia tua, kurangnya keterampilan caregiver dalam mendampingi lansia dengan demensia, pendapatan yang rendah, waktu kerja, dan lingkungan kerja secara psikologis. Dibutuhkan kebijakan manajemen dalam menangani lansia dengan demensia di panti wreda, pelatihan khusus penanganan lansia dengan demensia, dan pemberian insentif yang memadai.
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