Due to an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh g−1, lithium (Li) is regarded as the ultimate anode for high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the practical application of Li metal anode is hindered by safety concerns and low Coulombic efficiency both of which are resulted fromunavoidable dendrite growth during electrodeposition. This study focuses on a critical parameter for electrodeposition, the exchange current density, which has attracted only little attention in research on Li metal batteries. A phase‐field model is presented to show the effect of exchange current density on electrodeposition behavior of Li. The results show that a uniform distribution of cathodic current density, hence uniform electrodeposition, on electrode is obtained with lower exchange current density. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that lower exchange current density contributes to form a larger critical radius of nucleation in the initial electrocrystallization that results in a dense deposition of Li, which is a foundation for improved Coulombic efficiency and dendrite‐free morphology. The findings not only pave the way to practical rechargeable Li metal batteries but can also be translated to the design of stable metal anodes, e.g., for sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) batteries.

Lithium/fluorinated carbon (Li/CF x ) batteries have received widespread attention due to their high specific energy density. However, the development of Li/CF x primary batteries is seriously hampered owing to the low electrical conductivity and poor wettability against the fluorinated carbon electrolyte. Here, we report a CF x -compatible fluorinated ether-containing electrolyte for all-temperature high-energy-density Li/CF x primary batteries. Specifically, a CF x -philic 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) is introduced to the carbonate-based electrolyte as a cosolvent. Benefiting from the low viscosity and low freezing point of TTE, the conductivity and wettability are drastically improved, contributing to a lowered charge-transfer resistance. Thus, the modified electrolyte with TTE endows Li/CF x batteries with high energy density of 850 Wh kg–1 at 25 °C and 745 Wh kg–1 at 55 °C under the current density of 5000 mA g–1, accompanied by high power density of 9931 and 10046 W kg–1, respectively. Even at the freezing temperature of −50 °C, Li/CF x batteries can still exhibit a high middle value of voltage of 1.91 V, and the discharge capacity is 299 mAh g–1 at 100 mA g–1. The improvement of electrochemical performance over a wide temperature range from −50 to 55 °C has greatly expanded the application of Li/CF x batteries.

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Delivery systems play important roles in improving drug efficacy. In particular, insoluble functional pigments must be handled carefully when increasing their solubility, in order to ensure that they remain active. In this study, the nanoparticles were coated by the oil phase in the microemulsion system (NPs-SEs), and this system was found to both increase the stability of the drug and improve drug loading. NPs-SEs containing lycopene, soybean oil, Span-40, Tween-20, stabilizer and glycerol were prepared by high pressure homogenization technology. It was characterized and its droplet size, and Zeta potential were 181±15 nm ( PDI 0.092±0.01), -70.83±1.64mV, respectively. The drug loading capacity of NPs-SEs was 1.02±0.16mg/ml and was nearly 4 times more than the highest concentration of lycopene O/W emulsion.