Hydrostatic simulations are performed to study Richtmyer-Meshkov instability and jet formation in elastic-plastic Pb under shock wave loading. The effects of yield strength and surface perturbation on perturbation growth and jet formation are investigated. An algebraic relationship between the upper limit of ejecta mass and bubble saturation amplitude for the elastic-plastic solid is revealed, and an analytic expression for the maximum ejecta mass varying with material strength, surface perturbation, and shock conditions is presented based on Richtmyer-Meshkov instability theories for the elastic-plastic medium.

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When a shockwave, which can be generated by high velocity impact or explosive detonation, reflects from the free surface of a metal, it usually creates tensile stress inside the metal. While the tensile stress is large enough, voids nucleation, growth and coalescence happen inside the metal, causing the metal to spall. As one of the main contents of the spallation damage research, the spallation strength, which is often characterized by features of the free surface velocity history measured in spallation experiments, represents the maximum tensile stress that the material can withstand, and is actually a complex interaction among several competing mechanisms. Optimizing the spallation strengths of metals is important for their applications in the aerospace, automotive, and defense industries, and can be achieved by using the advanced manufacturing strategies, if we can know better the meaning and present analytic model of the spallation strength of metal. A large number of experiments show that the spallation strength of ductile metal is strongly dependent on the tensile strain rate, grain size and temperature of material. Based on the analysis of early spallation evolution and influence of grain size and temperature on the material, an simple analytic model of spallation strength is presented in this paper, which takes into account the effects of strain rate, grain size and temperature in materials. The applicability of this model is verified by comparing the calculated results from the model with the experimental results of spall strength of typical ductile metals such as high purity aluminum, copper, and tantalum.

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