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Laboratory and numerical study tests were conducted to investigate the dynamic indentation characteristics for various spacings and indentation depths. First, laboratory tests indicate that the increase in the indentation depth first resulted in enlarged groove volumes, caused by fiercer rock breakages between indentations for a fixed spacing; then, the groove volume slightly increased for further increase in indentation depth, whereas the increase in spacing restrained rock breakages and resulted in shrunken grooves. In addition, the numerical study agreed well with laboratory tests that small chips formed at the shallow part of the rock specimen at the early indentation stage, and then, larger chips formed by the crack propagation at deeper parts of the rock specimens when the indentation depth increased. With further increase in indentation depth, crushed powders instead of chips formed. Moreover, the numerical analysis indicates that crack propagation usually leads to the decrease of the indentation force and the dissipation of the stress concentrations at crack tips, whereas the cessation of crack propagation frequently resulted in the increase of the indentation force and the stress concentrations at crack tip with the increase in indentation depth.

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