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Biological utilization of Saline soil is an effective way to improve land utilization and ecological environment. Oat is a unique crop of Inner Mongolia and has strong resistance to salt. This study setting five sowing depth of 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm and 11 cm on the morphological and physiological characteristics of two oat cultivars. The K+/Na+and selective absorption and migration, yield and nutrient quality, and soil salt content were measured from a field experiment. The highest yield of oat on saline land was obtained at sowing depth of 7 cm. The dry matter of stem and leaf accumulated more rapidly at 7 cm, membrane damage was less, leaf chlorophyll content was higher and kept higher photosynthetic capacity, K+/Na+and SK+, Na+ (migration) of stem and leaf were higher. So it showed stronger salinity adaptability and higher yield, and the yield was between 43.1% and 64.1% higher than conventional seed planting’s and it occupied between 37.2% and 42.7% of loam soil, and the crude fat content was higher. Sowing depth of 5 cm was the second choice, but sowing depth of 9 and 11 centimeter was not suitable to plant salt-enduring cultivar. The decrease sequence of oat yield and quality under salt stress was: grain yield > fresh yield > hay yield > crude fat > crude fiber. The grain yield and crude fat of salt-enduring cultivar Nei nong da you 1 were favorable for improving oat’s salinity adaptability and increasing the desalination in soil. The study can provide a theoretical basis to improve saline land utilization and high-yield cultivation of oat.