BackgroundPatient adherence is an important issue for health service providers and health researchers. However, the knowledge structure of diverse research on treatment adherence is unclear. This study used co-word analysis and social network analysis techniques to analyze research literature on adherence, and to show their knowledge structure and evolution over time.MethodsPublished scientific papers about treatment adherence were retrieved from Web of Science (2000 to May 2011). A total of 2308 relevant articles were included: 788 articles published in 2000–2005 and 1520 articles published in 2006–2011. The keywords of each article were extracted by using the software Biblexcel, and the synonym and isogenous words were merged manually. The frequency of keywords and their co-occurrence frequency were counted. High frequency keywords were selected to yield the co-words matrix. Finally the decomposition maps were used to comb the complex knowledge structures.ResultsResearch themes were more general in the first period (2000 to 2005), and more extensive with many more new terms in the second period (2006 to 2011). Research on adherence has covered more and more diseases, populations and methods, but other diseases/conditions are not as hot as HIV/AIDS and have not become specialty themes/sub-directions. Most studies originated from the United States.ConclusionThe dynamic of this field is mainly divergent, with increasing number of new sub-directions of research. Future research is required to investigate specific directions and converge as well to construct a general paradigm in this field.

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CFD technique is often employed to simulate and optimize air duct design, but the corresponding experiment validation in metro vehicle is rare. By taking an independent metro vehicle duct as research object in this paper, supply air through air duct is simulated and compared with the actual test results from the angle of supply air velocity at each outlet and supply air volume through several outlets of air duct. The results show that the relative deviation of simulation and test value of air velocity at most of the outlets are within or near ±20%, which is acceptable for the engineering applications. Moreover, the ratio of supply air volume through several outlets to the corresponding total supply air volume through main air duct or flat duct in the case of simulation is consistent with that in the case of experiment. It can be concluded that numerical simulation method is effective and reliable in air duct optimization design of metro vehicle.

The diversity of graphics models and data models in the electric utility software environment leads to much repetitive work and impede information sharing greatly. CIM in IEC 61970 defines most of the main objects in the electric utility enterprise, which can facilitate data exchange among heterogeneous applications. Howerver, with the development of power system, graphics information exchange among heterogeneous applications becomes more and more desirable. By analyzing two graphics exchange approaches proposed by CCAPI, the way to exchange graphics information in a standardized form combining IEC 61968 Location package and SVG is introduced. An asynchronous graphics exchange mechanism based on publish/subscribe architecture is proposed, which can greatly reduce the redundancy information and enhance the exchange efficiency.