Abstract. This paper deals with the critical blow-up and extinction exponents for the non-Newton polytropic filtration equation. We reveals a fact that the equation admits two critical exponents q 1 , q 2 ∈ (0, +∞) with q 1 < q 2 . In other words, when q belongs to different intervals (0, q 1 ), (q 1 , q 2 ), (q 2 , +∞), the solution possesses complete different properties. More precisely speaking, as far as the blow-up exponent is concerned, the global existence case consists of the interval (0, q 2 ]. However, when q ∈ (q 2 , +∞), there exist both global solutions and blow-up solutions. As for the extinction exponent, the extinction case happens to the interval (q 1 , +∞), while for q ∈ (0, q 1 ), there exists a non-extinction bounded solution for any nonnegative initial datum. Moreover, when the critical case q = q 1 is concerned, the other parameter λ will play an important role. In other words, when λ belongs to different interval (0, λ 1 ) or (λ 1 , +∞), where λ 1 is the first eigenvalue of p-Laplacian equation with zero boundary value condition, the solution has completely different properties.