This study examines the impact of currency devaluation on Pakistan's economic growth. Currency devaluation is controversial topics for both developing and developed economies to believe and hope to improve economic growth. In this study, the model used to find the cointegration between variables. The annual time series data over1990 to 2018, together with ARDL model and Johansson cointegration model used to test whether there is a long-run relationship between economic growth and currency devaluation. Both proposed models indicate that the devaluation of Pakistan’s currency has no significant impact on the long-run changes in economic growth. However, Interest rates and gross capital formation are positive correlated with economic growth in the long run. Currency devaluation is a cure for balance of payment, enhances the competitiveness of the international market and promotes trade balance. Due to some political instability, macroeconomic and environmental conditions in a country, cure is sometimes worse than disease. The paper recommends making the Pakistan economy a sustainable, easy and friendly business environment and looking closer at the economic indicators to make Industrial economic policy. Government must make a good policy for industrialization, instead of currency devaluation, Pakistan industrial sector has a potential to improve the economy, and the authorities should need to create an easy and friendly environment for foreigner business and investors. In addition, allow currency freely to depreciate through market force and efficient money market system, official’s devaluation should be discouraged.
With the economy's continuous development, consumers become more mature and rational, so many keen enterprises gradually shifted their focus from the initial product development to "customer service skill" and thus obtained a good market return. Especially for the online shopping activities carried out in the virtual (digital) way, due to the particularity of its channel, it is more important to study the experience of its customers in online consumption. In addition, shopping websites and businesses selling goods through the internet should try their best to use words, pictures, video, and other media, as well as setting up more friendly interfaces. This paper takes the telepresence, pleasure, social presence, and trust in the process of online shopping as the research variables. Through the stepwise regression analysis method, it is found that telepresence can well predict the pleasure of customers in the process of online shopping. However, as the research on customer trust and positivity of perceived customer service skills is scarce, this paper can help to understand the impact of customer satisfaction on services' behavior intention, such as trying to increase the opportunities for communication with consumers and help them during the shopping process, so as to effectively increase consumers' trust in websites and businesses.
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