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Complex composite nanomaterials have recently received attention because of their enhanced electrochemical performance compared to single-structured materials. In this study, we synthesized calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) particles with a spherical shape and conducted surface modification to fabricate composite heterostructures on the CaMoO4 backbone using a simple two-step hydrothermal technique. To test their electrochemical characteristics, the produced hierarchical heterostructures were used as an electrode material for supercapacitors, exhibiting a cycling efficiency of 94% after 5000 cycles, a specific capacitance of 586 C g–1 at a current density of 1 A g–1, and good reversibility. These results demonstrate that the development of hierarchical heterostructures can significantly improve the electrochemical properties of materials by creating well-defined interfaces, increasing the surface area, and promoting efficient charge transfer, making them highly attractive for various applications in the field of energy storage and conversion.

Scale production occurs during enhanced geothermal system (EGS) processes due to various conditions. The production of scales in pipes or fractured reservoir narrows the diameter of the injection and production well, decreasing permeability and reducing EGS efficiency. However, geothermal water flushing during EGS processes can be implemented to recover the permeability. In this study, an experimental instrument to simulate a geothermal system was applied to observe the chemical composition change of core and water samples. To simulate the EGS, an experiment was conducted by injecting the geothermal fluid in several cycles to the fractured core. Results showed that Si ions decreased in the geothermal fluid and permeability decreased due to precipitation. Thereafter, flushing was applied, and dissolution occurred inside the fracture, increasing the permeability.