In this work 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF 4 ], an ionic liquid)/Triton X-100 (TX-100)/cyclohexane microemulsions have been prepared and characterized by phase behavior, conductivity measurement, dynamic light scattering, freeze-fracturing electron microscopy, and UV-vis techniques, and our attention is concentrated on the microemulsions with the ionic liquid as the nano-sized polar domains.

Halogen vacancies are of great concern in blue‐emitting perovskite quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes because they affect their efficiency and spectral shift. Here, an enriched‐bromine surface state is realized using a facile strategy that employs a PbBr2 stock solution for anion exchange based on Cd‐doped perovskite quantum dots. It is found that the doped Cd ions are expected to reduce the formation energy of halogen vacancies filled by the external bromine ions, and the excess free bromine ions in solution are enriched in the surface by anchoring with halogen vacancies as sites, accompanied with the shedding of surface long‐chain ligands during the anion exchange process, resulting in a Br‐rich and “neat” surface. Moreover, the surface state exhibits good passivation of the surface defects of the controlled perovskite QDs and simultaneously increases the exciton binding energy, leading to excellent optical properties and stability. Finally, the sky‐blue emitting perovskite quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) (490 nm) are conducted with a record external quantum efficiency of 14.6% and current efficiency of 19.9 cd A−1. Meanwhile, the electroluminescence spectra exhibit great stability with negligible shifts under a constant operating voltage from 3 to 7 V. This strategy paves the way for improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite QLEDs.

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