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WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) serves an important role in various biological functions through the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Aberrant expression of WDR5 has been observed in various types of human cancer, including prostate cancer, breast cancer and leukemia. However, the role of WDR5 expression and its clinical implications in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the WDR5 expression pattern in HCC. It was demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of WDR5 were upregulated in HCC cancer tissues compared with normal adjacent tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Furthermore, the elevated WDR5 protein level was significantly associated with the histological grade (P=0.038), tumor size (P=0.023), tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.035) and reduced long-term survival time. Additionally, it was demonstrated through the shRNA-mediated knockdown of WDR5 in HCC cells in vitro that WDR5 expression promotes cell proliferation using an MTT assay. Taken together, the results suggested that WDR5 overexpression may have an oncogenic effect in HCC, and may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.

This paper presents a fully automatic method for segmentation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions from multiple sequence MR (T2-weighted and FLAIR) images. Our method treats MS lesions as outliers to the normal brain tissue distribution, and the separation is achieved by minimizing a statistically robust L 2 E measure, which is defined as the squared difference between the true density and the assumed Gaussian mixture. Pre-and post-processing procedures including intensity normalization and false positive pruning are designed to remove various signal artifacts. Our method is fully automatic and doesn't require any training, atlas or thresholding steps. The results of our method are compared with lesion delineations by human experts, and a high classification accuracy is demonstrated on 16 datasets containing small to moderate lesion loads.