Hypertension continues to be an important public health concern because of its associated morbidity, mortality, and economic impact on society. The aims of this study are to compare the secular changes in age-stratified hypertension prevalence, incidence, co-morbidity, and 3 years of cardiovascular outcome in Taiwan in the years 2005 and 2010. We enrolled hypertensive individuals from the datasets of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) in 2005 and 2010 in Taiwan separately. We analyzed the hypertension prevalence, incidence, medication treatment, and associated morbidities. The risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and all-causes mortalities among the hypertensive individuals were evaluated in 3 years of follow-up. There was an increased prevalence of hypertension but decreased incidence of hypertension in those over 65 from 2005 to 2010. Dyslipidemia was the highest rate of co-morbidity in 2005 and 2010. The most frequent categories of anti-hypertensive agents prescribed was 1 or 2 for both 2005 and 2010. Calcium channel blockers were the most common anti-hypertensive agents prescribed, followed by Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers. After 3 years of follow-up, the risks of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) as well as death were less in 2010 than in 2005 in Taiwan. Our study showed that hypertension individuals had an increased prevalence, younger age, decreased incidence, increased medication treatment associated with decreased the CAD, CVD, and mortalities in 2010 compared to 2005 in Taiwan.