No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Onshore high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) has been successfully deployed for early warning and ocean remote sensing. However, there remain potential gaps in ocean remote sensing for shipborne HFSWR. Based on the first-order bistatic field equation, the firstorder ocean surface cross-section for shipborne HFSWR is derived, whose validity is verified by experimental results. Consequently, studies on ocean surface information extraction with shipborne HFSWR could be conducted. The simulation results demonstrate that shipborne HFSWR has the potential of sea surface wind direction extraction with a single receiving sensor rather than a receiving array, and in addition wind direction ambiguity existing in onshore HFSWR disappears.

Citrate-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNP-cit) have received extensive attention due to their excellent antimicrobial properties. However, these particles tend to migrate in vivo, thereby entering the blood circulatory system in granular form and accumulating in the liver, causing toxic reactions. However, the mechanism underlying AgNP-cit toxicity is not yet clear. Thus, we adopted a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics and metabolomics approach to identify proteins and small molecule metabolites associated with AgNP-cit-induced liver damage and constructed interaction networks between the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites to explain the AgNP-cit toxicity mechanism. AgNP-cit resulted in abnormal purine metabolism mainly by affecting xanthine and other key metabolites along with pyruvate kinase and other bodily proteins, leading to oxidative stress. AgNP-cit regulated the metabolism of amino acids and glycerol phospholipids through glycerol phospholipids, CYP450 enzymes and other key proteins, causing liver inflammation. Via alanine, isoleucine, L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase and other proteins, AgNP-cit altered the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, cysteine and methionine, affecting oxidation and deamination, and ultimately leading to liver damage. This work clearly explains toxic reactions induced by AgNP-cit from three perspectives, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and oxidation and deamination, thus providing an experimental basis for the safe application of nanomaterials.