Included among the many challenges regarding renewable energy technology are improved electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, we report a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst based on a highly dense CoO x catalyst by introducing CeO x . The CoO x catalyst is fabricated by two-step electrodeposition, including Co seed formation, to obtain a very dense, layered structure, and CeO x is also successfully deposited on the CoO x catalyst. CoO x is an active catalyst showing good activity (η = 0.331 V at 10 mA cm–2) and also stability for the OER. Higher activity is observed with the CeO x /CoO x electrocatalyst (η = 0.313 V at 10 mA cm–2). From mechanistic studies conducted with synchrotron-based photoemission electron spectroscopy and DFT calculations, Ce promotes a synergistic effect by perturbing the electronic structure of surface Co species (facile formation to CoOOH) on the CoO x catalyst and optimizes the binding energy of intermediate oxygenated adsorbates.

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Dynamics of a polymer gel network is described by the theory proposed by Tanaka, Hocker, and Benedek (THB) that gives the diffusion coefficient of a polymer network D K G f 4 3