Background and objectiveAppendicitis resection is one of the most common surgical procedures in China. Hospitalization expenses are a major determinant of appendicitis treatment. This study explored the factors influencing hospitalization expenses of appendicitis surgery patients in Anhui province and provided a scientific basis for reasonably controlling medical expenses.MethodsA multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to collect case information on 2,164 patients who underwent appendicitis surgery at 6 county-level public hospitals in Anhui province, China. Path analysis was used to study the factors influencing hospitalization expenses of appendicitis surgery patients.ResultsThe average length of stay (LOS) was 5.62 ± 2.64 days, with a median of 5 days; the average hospitalization expenses were 6,109.60 ± 2,109.44 CNY, with a median of 5,511.93 CNY. The direct effect of LOS was 0.535, which was the most important direct factor affecting hospitalization expenses, and the remaining path coefficient was 0.699. surgical grades, surgical methods, and chronic appendicitis directly affected hospitalization expenses, with direct effects of 0.149, 0.081, and -0.037; surgical costs, anesthesia costs, disease outcomes, age, acute simple appendicitis, and operative duration (OD) not only directly affected hospitalization expenses, but also indirectly affected hospitalization expenses through the LOS, and the total effects were 0.283, 0.045, 0.200, 0.202, -0.162, and 0.062, respectively. The total number of surgeons and assistants only indirectly affected the hospitalization expenses through the LOS, and the indirect effect was 0.020.ConclusionsThe LOS is the most important factor affecting hospitalization expenses. Controlling hospitalization expenses is an effective method of reducing the economic burden of patients undergoing appendicitis surgery and decreasing hospital medical expenditures. Based on controlling the average LOS, combined with other comprehensive measures such as decreasing the OD and health education, strengthening controllable factors, and effectively managing the unreasonable increase in hospitalization expenses.

Background and objective Appendicitis resection is one of the most common surgical procedures. Hospitalization expenses are a major determinant of appendicitis treatment. This study explored the factors influencing hospitalization expenses of appendicitis patients in Anhui province and provided a scientific basis for reasonably controlling medical expenses. Methods A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to collect case information on 2,164 patients who underwent appendicitis surgery at 6 county-level public hospitals in Anhui province, China. Path analysis was used to study the factors influencing hospitalization expenses of appendicitis patients. Results The average length of stay was 5.62 ± 2.64 days, with a median of 5 days; the average hospitalization expenses were 6,109.60 ± 2,109.44 CNY, with a median of 5,511.93 CNY. The direct effect of length of stay was 0.535. Surgical grades, surgical methods, and chronic appendicitis directly affected hospitalization expenses, with direct effects of 0.149, 0.081, and -0.037; surgical costs, anesthesia costs, disease outcomes, age, acute simple appendicitis, and operative duration not only directly affected hospitalization expenses, but also indirectly affected hospitalization expenses, the total effects were 0.283, 0.045, 0.200, 0.202, -0.162, and 0.062, respectively. The total number of surgeons and assistants only indirectly affected hospitalization expenses, with indirect effect of 0.020. Conclusions The length of stay is the most important factor affecting hospitalization expenses. Based on controlling the average length of stay, combined with shortening operative duration, conducting health education, strengthening controllable factors, and other comprehensive measures can effectively reduce the economic burden of patients and hospitals.

Background Published studies on head injury and Parkinson's risk(PD) were inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis study to explore the association.Methods We retrieved articles published in English from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2019. The pooled effect of head injury and PD risk was calculated by a random effect model.Results In the meta-analysis, there were 21 studies, including 214763 individuals and 39209 PD patients. The pooled OR estimates(ORs) showed an increased risk of PD was correlated with head injury(OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.29–1.66). Considering the unconscious state, head injury with LOC showed significant association with PD(OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.28–1.74). However, head injury without LOC had no significant association with PD (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.29–1.12). Sensitivity analysis showed that, when any one study was excluded, the results did not change significantly.Conclusions Our research shows that head injury was associated with PD risk.This study provides a basis and reference for further study on head injury and PD.