In order to solve the problems of low degree of automation, difficult identification of picking objects, and large picking damage in traditional fruit and vegetable picking operations, the author proposes a robot structure optimization method based on computer intelligent images. This method introduces the computer imaging technology, examines the principle of imaging the computer imaging technology as the in-depth study of the computer imaging technology, completes the mechanical design of the selected robot, and optimizes all hardware models of choice robot. At the same time, the computer image acquisition system, image acquisition module, and execution module are designed; finally, the computer image information processing flow design of the picking robot is completed, and the simulation experiment of the picking robot is carried out. Experimental results show that in the experiments with 166, 142, and 165 tomato identification numbers, the identification accuracy rates were all over 96%. Conclusion. The picking robot based on computer images has a simple structure, high recognition accuracy of picking targets, less damage to the picking targets, high safety and stability, and great promotion value.