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An in-situ potassium (K)-doped copper–zinc–tin–sulfide (CZTS) precursor is prepared and annealed through selenization. After comprehensive optimization of the annealing, a cell with an efficiency of up to 12.62% is obtained,...

The purpose of this research is to improve the gas pipe structure of Ultra Large Container Vessel by reducing ship's life and logistics costs, used for maritime logistics transportation. For this purpose, we define the basic structure of the gas pipe currently in use on the vessel. And we want to show the improved structure of gas pipes for application to vessels by modeling of the gas pipes. The modeling conditions for gas pipes for vessels used the basic conditions of the engine and thermal fluid pressure to be used. This gas flow analysis methods using the computer simulations with defined models. Based on the modelling results, we presented the new structure of gas pipe model for vessels.

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