In dogs with shoulder instability, LSI and MDI are less common than MSI. Surgical reconstruction for treatment of MSI and MDI appears to produce a higher likelihood of achieving successful outcomes than nonsurgical management and surgical complication rates were low but these conclusions are tempered by the limitations of the study.

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To expand the potential of Se-carbohydrates for multifunctional mimicry of sugars, herein we addressed the synthesis of the highly challenging and biologically significant Se-glycosides of sialic acid (Se-sialosides). An α-sialyl selenolate anion generated in situ smoothly reacted with electrophiles to give α-Se-sialosides as single stereoisomers. A Se-sialoside was sequentially incorporated with selenium, producing a triseleno-sialoside. This molecule was used as a 77Se NMR-active handle for studying glycan–protein interaction, revealing different binding profiles of sialic acid binding proteins.

The first total synthesis of neuritogenic ganglioside GAA‐7 was achieved using the glucosyl ceramide (Glc‐Cer) cassette approach. The stereocenter triad within the ceramide moiety of the target molecule was efficiently established from D‐lyxose. The assembly of the ceramide moiety was followed by glycosylation with glucosyl donors to give Glc‐Cer cassettes, which underwent conjugation with the oligosaccharide moiety, followed by global deprotection. By using the most suitable Glc‐Cer cassette, the target molecule was successfully synthesized. In vitro evaluation indicated that the synthesized GAA‐7 and its glycan moiety both showed strong neuritogenic activity towards neuron‐like rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells in the presence of neurite growth factor.

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