Panicum milliaceum is a specialty crop that maintains the economic stability of agriculture in arid and barren regions of the world. Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Panicum milliaceum globally and clarifying the ecological needs of Panicum milliaceum will help to advance the development of agriculture, which is important for the maintenance of human life and health. In this study, based on 5637 global distribution records of Panicum milliaceum, we used the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software, the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC-CSM2-MR) was selected to predict the potential global geographic distribution of Panicum milliaceum in the present and future in combination with the environmental factor variables; we evaluated the significant factors constraining the potential geographic distribution of Panicum milliaceum by combining the contributions of environmental factor variables; and we assessed the accuracy of the MaxEnt model by using AUC values and Kappa statistics. The results showed that the MaxEnt model was highly accurate, the simulation results were credible, and the total suitable area of Panicum milliaceum in the world is 4563.82 × 104 km2. The high habitat area of Panicum milliaceum is 484.95 × 104 km2, accounting for 10.63% of the total habitat area, and is mainly distributed in the United States, the Russian Federation, France, Ukraine, Australia, Germany, etc. The soil factor (hswd) was the most important environmental factor limiting the potential geographic distribution of Panicum milliaceum, followed by the precipitation factor (Precipitation of the Driest Month, bio14) and temperature factor (Mean Temperature of the Wettest Quarter, bio8). Under four future climate change scenarios, the area of the potential geographic distribution of Panicum milliaceum decreased to different extents at different levels compared to the contemporary period. Therefore, climate change may significantly affect the global distribution pattern of Panicum milliaceum cultivation in the future and thus reshape global Panicum milliaceum production and trade patterns.

Located in an important biodiversity conservation area in the Yangtze River Delta, the habitats of many species have been severely eroded because of human activities such as tourism development. There is no relevant species conservation plan in place in the region, and scientific guidance on ecosystem change and corridor construction is urgently needed. In this study, we first assess ecosystem service functions based on the InVEST model; then, we assess ecological sensitivity and identify landscape resistance surfaces by constructing ecosystem sensitivity indicators; finally, we construct ecological security patterns by combining landscape resistance surfaces and circuit theory identification. The main results are as follows: (1) The high value area of ecosystem services is located in the southwest, while the northeast part of the study area has lower ecosystem services, and there is a trade-off between the ecosystem services in the study area. (2) There are 38 ecological sources in southern Anhui, with a total area of more than 5742.79 km2, that are the basic guarantees of ecological security, mainly located in the northeast of the study area, and woodland and grassland are the most important components, accounting for 18.4% of the total study area. (3) The ecological security pattern in the study area consists of 63 ecological sources, 37 important corridors, and 26 potential corridors, of which there are 28 pinch point areas and 6 barrier point patches in the study area, mainly located within Huangshan City and Xuancheng City. We recommend that when implementing restoration and rehabilitation measures in the future, policy makers should give priority to pinch points and barrier areas.

Surface water quality assessment is an important component of environmental protection and sustainable development. In this study, 24 sampling sites were arranged in the Wanquan River area of Hainan Island, China, in 2021, and nine water quality indicators were measured. The water quality of the Wanquan River was assessed using the single factor pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method; the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants were revealed, and the sources of pollution were further analyzed using factor analysis. The results show that the overall water quality of the Wanquan River basin is good, with the average values of all indicators meeting China’s Class III water quality standards. The results of the single factor pollution index method showed that 29% of the sampling sites were in the no pollution class, 38% in the slight pollution class, 25% in the light pollution class, and 8% in the moderate pollution class. The results of the Nemerow pollution index showed that 25% of the sampling sites were in the clean category, 17% in the cleaner category, 42% in the light category, and 17% in the moderate category. The results of the factor analysis show that agricultural activities and domestic sewage discharge are the main sources of pollution, with nitrogen and phosphorus being the most important factors affecting water quality. This paper proposes several measures to reduce water pollution in the Wanquan River, including improving agricultural activities, improving wastewater treatment, and strengthening environmental monitoring. The findings have practical implications for reducing water pollution in rivers and lakes and can provide a reference for policy decisions related to water resource management and environmental protection.

The coastal zone area of Qionghai City is one of the important coastal zones in the South China Sea, and its water environment has been affected by human activities such as urbanization and industrialization. In order to protect the water resources and ecological environment of this area, the water chemistry characteristics of the main watersheds and their causes in the coastal zone area of eastern Hainan Island were investigated to provide a scientific basis for environmental protection and sustainable development. In this study, the characteristics and sources of water chemical ion components were analyzed using a Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, and correlation analysis with the coastal zone area of Qionghai city as the research object. The results show the following: (1) the dominant cation of water chemistry in the coastal zone of Qionghai City is Na+ with a mean value of 35.001 mg·L−1, and the dominant anion is Cl− with a mean value of 30.69 mg·L−1; (2) the dominant cation content in the coastal zone of Qionghai City is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and the dominant anion content is Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > CO32−; (3) at the five collection sites in the study area, the ion concentrations showed different trends, with the highest ion concentration in the water samples collected from aquaculture ponds, and the main water chemistry type was Na-Cl; the lowest ion concentration was in the water samples collected from the rivers, and the main type of water chemistry was Ca·Mg-HCO3. The source of water chemistry ions in the study area mainly included seawater, rock weathering, atmospheric precipitation, and evaporation concentration. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the development, utilization, and management of local water resources and provide basic data for environmental protection and sustainable development.