Septic arthritis is an inflammation of a joint caused directly by various microorganisms. It is often characterized by many unspecific symptoms. Bacteria is the most often etiological factor.We present a case report of a 76-years old woman with a unilateral septic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint. Bacterial sacroiliitis should be taken into account in patients with sacroiliitis and fever onset.Proper diagnosis can be very often difficult and delayed but fast implementation of antibiotic therapy is extremely important in the treatment process. Diagnostic imaging is crucial to the diagnosis and monitoring of septic arthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most relevant tool for the detection of sacroiliitis, allowing the institution of therapeutic strategies to impede the progression of the disease.

In the last few years, notable technical progress has taken place in ultrasound elastography. Qualitative methods have been replaced by quantitative ones, such as: transient elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse and shear wave elastography. Owing to the fact that the spleen is superficially located, it is possible to obtain reliable measuring accuracy of its hardness using sonoelastography. Lately, many researchers have been investigating how spleen elasticity changes in patients infected with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus and in patients suffering from liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, esophageal varices or myelofibrosis. In this article, we review the role and current status of accessible qualitative ultrasound elastography methods, including recent advances in the evaluation of spleen stiffness and its clinical utility. As study results demonstrate, spleen stiffness correlates with liver fibrosis and is helpful in determining the level of fibrosis in the METAVIR scoring system. In patients infected with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, spleen stiffness increases even when liver elasticity remains unaltered. Furthermore, it is useful in diagnosing portal hypertension or predicting existence of esophageal varices. Moreover, in patients suffering from biliary atresia after Kasai portoenterostomy, spleen sonoelastography may be helpful in selecting patients for liver transplantation as well as for choosing the best strategy for portal vein reconstruction before liver transplantation. In myelofibrosis, spleen stiffness correlates with bone marrow fibrosis and may be used to assess the response to treatment. Spleen sonoelastography is also useful in the monitoring of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt function.

Radiomics is a new concept that has been functioning in medicine for only a few years. This idea, created recently, relies on processing innumerable quantities of metadata acquired from every examination, followed by extraction thereof from relevant imaging examinations, such as computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) images, by means of appropriate created algorithms. The extracted results have great potential and broad possibilities of application. Thanks to these we can verify efficiency of treatment, predict locations of metastases of tumours, correlate results with histopathological examinations, or define the type of cancer more precisely. In effect, we obtain more personalised treatment for each patient, which is extremely important and highly recommendable in the tests and applicable treatment therapies conducted nowadays. Radiomics is a non-invasive and high efficiency post-processing method. This article is intended to explain the idea of radiomics, the mechanisms of data acquisition, existing possibilities, and the challenges incurred by radiologists and physicians at the stage of making diagnosis or conducting treatment.

Background. Pulmonary manifestations (PMs) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are among the most frequent extraglandular complications, with reported prevalence varying widely (9-75%), depending on the methods of detection.

PurposeLymphoproliferative neoplasms are the largest and most frequently diagnosed entities in the group of haematological malignancies. The aim of the study was to assess whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy could be a predictor of prognosis and of the final treatment’s outcome.Material and methodsThe study included 27 patients with diagnosed Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, who had magnetic resonance (MR) performed with diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient (DWI/ADC) before and on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy. Imaging was performed using a 1.5 T MR scanner. ADC was measured in lymphoma infiltration in the area of the lowest signal in the ADC map and the highest signal on β 800 images in post-treatment study. After that, the corresponding area was determined in a pre-treatment study and an ADC value was measured.ResultsThe difference between ADC values in pre-treatment (ADC = 720 mm2/s) and post-treatment (ADC = 1059 mm2/s) studies was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Cutoff values for estimating response to treatment were established at the level of ADC 1080 mm2/s, and ADC to muscle ratio at 0.82 in post-treatment study. Patients with ADC > 752 mm2/s before treatment manifested lower probability of progression than patients with ADC < 752 mm2/s.ConclusionsADC measurement’s before treatment and on the first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic marker in lymphoma therapy. ADC values lower than 1080 mm2/s and an increase of the ratio after the treatment can be considered as a marker of disease progression.