Reactions of N‐acylaziridines 1a–g (N‐benzoyl except 1d) with sodium or naphthalenide N.− in THF provide a variety of products that usually arise via the aziridino ketyls 2. Homolytic ring opening of 2 generates the amidatoalkyl radicals 3. Only with a very short reaction time were small amounts of benzil or benzoylnaphthalenes obtained indicating a reversible trapping of 2 by dimerization or coupling with N.−. Homolysis of 2 produced always the more stable 3 apart from reactions of monomethylaziridines 1c,d where the primary radical i‐3c,d is kinetically favoured. The amides R1CONHCHR4CHR2R3 (9, isopropylamides i‐9c,d from 1c,d) were usually the main products. 9 arise from 3 either by H atom abstraction from THF (probably in sodium metal runs) or by reduction of 3 to carbanions 5 that abstract a proton from THF (N.− runs). Addition of 5a (R2−4 = H) to 1a gives finally the ketone 8a. Self reaction of primary radical 3a is dimerization. Self reaction of tertiary or secondary radicals is disproportionation when an allylamide arises. This isomerizes to an enamide unless it is conjugated.
R2R3CCHR4 and R1CONH2 arise (probably) always. The mechanism, possibly a cyclic process of anion 6, is not clear.
Arene Hydrides, 8l'. -SET vs. Nucleophilic Attack in Reactions of a-Bromoisobutyrophenone with Carbanions.
Fragmentation of the Anion of TetrahydrobianthraceneSET is the main reaction pathway between a-bromoisobutyro-favored by cation coordination. In the reaction with 7 f -("anphenone (1) and the carbanions ira-j-of diarylmethanes or thracene hydride") the dimer 6f (and probably 9f, too) underdisubstituted acetonitriles: ?-+?' + e and e + 1 + -+ Br-goes fragmentation to form anthracene. The epoxide 16, arisPhCOCMe; (3). Main secondary reactions are dimerization of ing from 1 by carbonyl attack, has been found only once with the radical 7' (to form 6) and further reduction of 3: ?a-j-(1% 16b). In contrast, 16 was the (elusive) main product 7-+ 3-7' + 4 [enolate of isobutyrophenone (5)]. Occasion-in the reaction of 1 with the carbanions ?k-n-of monosubally substitution products (9) of 1 are obtained. They are prob-stituted acetonitriles. Here, 6 and 9 have been found only once ably formed by combination of ?' with 3 (0% 9e at room tem-(61, 9n). The elusive 16k-n underwent eliminative ring fisperature, 38% 9e at -65°C). This combination seems to be sion.
Reaktionen von Nucleophilen mit Elektrophilen durchEin-Elektron-Ubertragung (single electron transfer, SET) unter Bildung radikalischer Zwischenstufen sind ein aktuelles Anliegen der chemischen Forschung2s3). Hauptprobleme in reaktionsmechanistischer Hinsicht sind dabei die Indizien fur einen SET-Schritt und die Unterscheidung oder Abgrenzung von den klassischen ,,Elektronenpaar-Reaktionen". Elektrochemisch ermittelte Redox-Potentiale liefern nur Informationen iiber die Thermodynamik des eigentlichen SET-Schrittes, wobei in den meisten Fallen ein eventuell vorhandener Gegeni~n-EinfluD~) wegen der Verwendung von nicht-koordinierenden quartaren Ammonium-Ionen unentdeckt bleiben muD.Im Zusammenhang rnit einem moglichen SET-Mechanismus bei nucleophilen Ringoffnungen von N-Benzoylaziridinen sowie rnit der beobachteten Addition von Carbanionen an den Benzoylrest der letzteren6) haben wir Reaktionen von Carbanionen Nu-mit a-Bromisobutyrophenon (1) untersucht. Klassischer ,,Elektronenpaar-Angriff' ist grundsatzlich an der Carbonylgruppe von 1 oder an seinem a-Kohlenstoff denkbar, letzterer unter Substitution zu 9. SET wurde dagegen uber das Ketyl 2 durch Abspaltung des Bromid-Ions das Ketonradikal 3 liefern (Schema 1). 3 sollte durch ein zweites Aquivalent Nu-zum Enolat-Anion 4 weiterreduziert werden. Das durch den zweimaligen SET-Schritt Nu-+Nu' gebildete Radikal kann dann zu Nu-Nu (6) dimerisieren. In einer konkurrierenden Reaktionsfolge konnen die Radikale Nu' und 3 zum Substitutionsprodukt 9 kombinieren. Eine Reaktionsfolge analog 1 + 4 ist fur PhS02CH2Hal (sulfonanaloges Phenacylhalid) durch Bordwell et al.3) nachgewiesen worden, wobei naturlich die Konkurrenz durch eine Carbonylreaktion entfiillt. Die 1, 2, 3 und 4 entsprechenden Reaktionsstufen sind auch fur die polarographische Reduktion von Phenacylbromid (10) anzunehmen']. Rubinstein und Kariv vermuteten dabei, d...
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