BackgroundThe Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) was used to explore which tests and their measures are able to detect cognitive change after a single dose of donepezil in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. The aim of this study was to establish the ability of CANTAB tests and their measures to detect cognitive change after a single 5-mg dose of donepezil in treatment-naïve AD patients.Material/MethodsWe enrolled 62 treatment-naïve AD patients and 30 healthy controls in this prospective, randomized, rater-blinded study. AD patients were randomized to 2 groups: the AD+ group received donepezil after the first CANTAB testing and the AD− group remained treatment-naïve at second testing. The time period between repeated testing was 4 hours. Parallel versions of CRT, SOC, PAL, SWM, and PRM tests were used.ResultsAll groups did not differ according to age, education, gender, or depression (p>0.05). AD+ and AD− groups did not differ according to MMSE. SOC, PAL, PRM, and SWM tests distinguished AD from controls. Eight measures of PAL and PRM had a strong correlation with MMSE (r>0.7). Repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test showed the difference of change in AD+ and AD− groups between first and second CANTAB testing in 7 PAL measures. AD+ and AD− groups differed in the second testing by 7 PAL measures. Four PAL measures differed in first and second testing within the AD+ group.ConclusionsThe CANTAB PAL test measures, able to detect cognitive change after a single dose of donepezil in AD patients, are: PAL mean trials to success, total errors (adjusted), total errors (6 shapes, adjusted), and total trials (adjusted).
BackgroundThe primary manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is decline in memory. Dysexecutive symptoms have tremendous impact on functional activities and quality of life. Data regarding frontal-executive dysfunction in mild AD are controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and specific features of executive dysfunction in mild AD based on Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) results.Material/MethodsFifty newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve, mild, late-onset AD patients (MMSE ≥20, AD group) and 25 control subjects (CG group) were recruited in this prospective, cross-sectional study. The CANTAB tests CRT, SOC, PAL, SWM were used for in-depth cognitive assessment. Comparisons were performed using the t test or Mann--Whitney U test, as appropriate. Correlations were evaluated by Pearson r or Spearman R. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsAD and CG groups did not differ according to age, education, gender, or depression. Few differences were found between groups in the SOC test for performance measures: Mean moves (minimum 3 moves): AD (Rank Sum=2227), CG (Rank Sum=623), p<0.001. However, all SOC test time measures differed significantly between groups: SOC Mean subsequent thinking time (4 moves): AD (Rank Sum=2406), CG (Rank Sum=444), p<0.001. Correlations were weak between executive function (SOC) and episodic/working memory (PAL, SWM) (R=0.01–0.38) or attention/psychomotor speed (CRT) (R=0.02–0.37).ConclusionsFrontal-executive functions are impaired in mild AD patients. Executive dysfunction is highly prominent in time measures, but minimal in performance measures. Executive disorders do not correlate with a decline in episodic and working memory or psychomotor speed in mild AD.
BackgroundAbility to predict the efficacy of treatment in Alzheimer disease (AD) may be very useful in clinical practice. Cognitive predictors should be investigated alongside with the demographic, genetic, and other predictors of treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to establish whether the baseline measures of CANTAB tests and their changes due to the first donepezil dose are able to predict the efficacy of treatment after 4 months of therapy. We also compared the predictive value of cognitive, clinical, and demographic predictors of treatment efficacy in AD.Material/MethodsSeventy-two AD patients (62 treatment-naïve and 10 donepezil-treated) and 30 controls were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, rater-blinded, follow-up study. Treatment-naïve AD patients were randomized to 2 groups to take the first donepezil dose after the first or second CANTAB testing, separated by 4 hours. Follow-up Test 3 was performed 4 months after the initial assessment.ResultsThe groups were similar in age, education, gender, Hachinski index, and depression. General Regression Models (GRM) have shown that cognitive changes after the first dose of donepezil in PAL (t-values for regression coefficients from 3.43 to 6.44), PRMd (t=4.33), SWM (t=5.85) test scores, and baseline results of PAL (t=2.57–2.86), PRM (t=3.08), and CRT (t=3.42) tests were significant predictors of long-term donepezil efficacy in AD (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe cognitive changes produced by the first donepezil dose in CANTAB PAL, PRM, and SWM test measures are able to predict the long-term efficacy of donepezil in AD. Baseline PAL, PRM, and CRT test results were significant predictors.
Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Klinikinës medicinos instituto Neurologijos ir neurochirurgijos klinika ÁVADASAlz hei me rio li ga (AL) -lë ti në pro gre suo jan ti, ne gráþ ta mø po ky èiø sme ge ny se su ke lian ti li ga [1]. Tai daþ niau sia demen ci jos prie þas tis, su da ran ti 60-70 % vi sø de men ci jø, o jos pa pli ti mas itin di dë ja il gë jant gy ve ni mo truk mei [2,3]. AL su ke lia di de lae eko no mi nae nað tà, taip pat tam pa vis daþ -nes ne mir ties prie þas ti mi [3]. Stu di jø duo me ni mis, mir tingu mas nuo in sul to ir ðir dies li gø ma þë ja, ta èiau AL, kaip mir ties prie þas tis tarp vy res niø nei 75 me tø am þiaus pa cientø, mi n i ma jau ne ðeð to je, o tre èio je vie to je pa gal daþ ná po kar dio vas ku li niø ir ce reb ro vas ku li niø li gø bei vë þio [3,4]. AL gy dy mo kli ni ki niø ty ri mø pra dþia lai ko mi 1980-1990 m., kai pra dë ti nau do ti cho li nes te ra zës in hi bito riai [5]. 1974 m. Drach man ir Le a vitt su sie jo cen tri niø cho li ner gi niø neu ro nø pa þei di mà su at min ties blo gë ji mu ir am þiu mi, o vë les në se stu di jo se Da vis ir Ma lo ney ap ra ðë cho li ner gi nio Mei ner to bran duo lio (angl. nu cleus basalis of Meynert) pa þei di mà pa cien tams, ser gan tiems AL [6,7]. Ma ny ta, kad cho li ner gi nës sis te mos pa þei di mas, ser gant AL, pa na ðus á do pa mi ner gi nës sis te mos pa þei di mà, sergant Par kin so no li ga [8]. Pir mà já cho li nes te ra zës in hi bi toriø tak ri nà leng vai ir vi du ti nio sun ku mo Alz hei me rio ti po de men ci jai gy dy ti 1993 m. áre gist ra vo JAV Mais to ir vaistø ad mi nist ra ci ja (angl. Food and Drug Ad min is tra tion, FDA), ta èiau jis ne be nau do ja mas dël ne pa gei dau ja mø reið ki niø (virð ki na mo jo trak to simp to mø) ir ma þo efek tyvu mo [9,10]. Nuo to lai ko bu vo at lik ta ir ðiuo me tu vyks ta dau gy bë kli ni ki niø ty ri mø, ta èiau tik 3 cho li nes te ra zës inhi bi to riai (do ne pe zi lis, ri vas tig mi nas (jo pe ro ra li në ir trans der ma li në for mos), ga lan ta mi nas) ir glu ta ma ter gi nae sis te mà vei kian tis me man ti nas ty ri muo se pa ro dë pa kan kamà efek ty vu mà bei sau gu mà ir bu vo áre gist ruo ti gy dy ti AL [10]. Ðie vais tai, skir ti simp to mi niam AL gy dy mui, ðiek tiek pa leng vi na li gos kli ni ki nae ið raið kà, ta èiau jø efek ty vumas në ra di de lis, jie ne vei kia li gos prie þas ties ir ne su stabdo li gos pro gre sa vi mo [10,11]. Pas ku ti nis vais tas AL gydy ti -me man ti nas -Eu ro po je bu vo áre gist ruo tas 2002 m., o JAV -2003 m. [10]. Vais tø, skir tø AL gy dy ti, kli ni ki niai ty ri mai vyks ta jau ke lis de ðimt me èius, ta èiau 15 me tø neran da ma nau jø efek ty viø ir sau giø vais tø.Pas ta rà já de ðimt me tá dau giau sia kli ni ki niø ty ri mø at lieka ma su vais tais, po ten cia liai ga lin èiais mo di fi kuo ti AL ei - Adresas: Gy të Pa ku lai të Vil niaus uni ver si te to li go ni nës San ta ros kli ni kos, Neurologijos cen tras San ta rið kiø g. 2, LT-08661 Vil nius El. pa ðtas gyte.pakulaite@gmail.comSan tra...
The significance of cognitive and demographic indicators in predicting the response of Alzheimer’s disease to treatment
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