The symmetry breaking of 5-dimensional SU(6) GUT is realized by Scherk-Schwarz mechanisms through trivial and pseudo non-trivial orbifold S 1 /Z 2 breakings to produce dimensional deconstruction 5D SU(6)→4D SU(6). The latter also induces near-brane weakly-coupled SU(6) Baby Higgs to further break the symmetry into SU(3) C ⊗SU(3) H ⊗U(1) C . The model successfully provides a scenario of the origin of (Little) Higgs from GUT scale, produces the (intermediate and light) Higgs boson with the most preferred range and establishes coupling unification and compactification scale correctly.October 18, 2018 1:15 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE Near-brane˙SU6˙IJMP 2 October 18, 2018 1:15 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE Near-brane˙SU6˙IJMP 3Higgses produce SM-like Higgses and become the topic of discussion in this paper. The second symmetry breaking of 4D SU(6)→ 4D SU(3)⊗SU(3)⊗U(1) is performed by SU (6) Little-like Higgs through orbifold-based field re-definition and the broken shift symmetry induced by the properties of VEV in lower-near-brane [15,16]. The VEV s are obtained from two Scherk-Schwarz parameters [4][5][6][7].One can immediately predict the birth of SU(3) Little Higgses from the SU(6)origin Little Higgses. This derivation is indeed workable and quite successful.The paper is organized as follows, first special conditions of Scherk-Schwarz breaking, the trivial and pseudo non-trivial orbifold S 1 /Z 2 breaking [15,22,24] are revealed in the next Section, then 5D model of SU(6) with 2 branes and the bulk [32,33] where gauge bosons and scalar bosons live in near-brane area (y ∼ 0) which will provide SU(6)-origin Little Higgs, and SU(6) Baby Higgs which is basically weakly-coupled. The two have been well reconciled within the model as well as SU(6) GUT and Baby Higgs.The pseudo non-trivial symmetry breaking to SU(3)⊗SU(3)⊗U(1) is explained in the next section. Subsequently it is shown that the emerging gauge bosons from broken 5-dimensional SU(6) could be considered as scalar boson [6,7,20] which provides the Coleman Weinberg potential for radiative symmetry breaking of 4D SU(6). Before summarizing the results, a brief discussion on the order estimations of relevant physical observables within the model is given.

Following earlier insights by Livine and Terno, we develop a technique for describing quantum states of the gravitational field in terms of coarse grained spin networks. We show that the number of nodes and links and the values of the spin depend on the observables chosen for the description of the state. Hence the question in the title of this paper is ill posed, unless further information about what is been measured is given.

We derive the Gauss-Codazzi equation in the holonomy and plane-angle representations and we use the result to write a Gauss-Codazzi equation for a discrete (2+1)-dimensional manifold, triangulated by isosceles tetrahedra. This allows us to write operators acting on spin network states in (2+1)dimensional loop quantum gravity, representing the 3-dimensional intrinsic, 2-dimensional intrinsic, and 2-dimensional extrinsic curvatures. II. GAUSS-CODAZZI EQUATION A. Standard Gauss-Codazzi equationThe Gauss-Codazzi equation relates the Riemann intrinsic curvatures of a manifold and its submanifold with the extrinsic curvature of the submanifold. We will briefly review the continuous (2+1)-dimensional Gauss-Codazzi equation in this section, but the formula will be valid in (n + 1)-dimension. arXiv:1503.05943v1 [gr-qc]

Spaniol and Andrade introduced grvitoelectromagnetism in TEGR by considering superpotentials, times the determinant of tetrads, as the gravitoelectromagnetic fields. However, since this defined gravitoelectromagnetic field strength does not give rise to a complete set of Maxwell-like equations, we propose an alternative definition of the gravitoelectromagnetic field strength: instead of superpotentials, torsions are taken as the gravitoelectromagnetic field strengths. Based on this new proposal we are able to derive a complete set of Maxwell-like equations. We then apply them to obtain explicit expressions of the gravitoelectromagnetic fields both in Schwarzchilds spacetime and for gravitational waves.

We determine the characteristic of dissipative quantum transport in a coupled qubit network in the presence of on-site and off-diagonal external driving. The work is motivated by the dephasingassisted quantum transport where noise is beneficial to the transport efficiency. Using Floquet-Magnus expansion extended to Markovian open systems, we analytically derive transport efficiency and compare it to exact numerical results. We find that driving may increase the efficiency at frequencies near the coupling rate. On the contrary, at some other frequencies the transport may be suppressed. We then propose the enhancement mechanism as the ramification of interplay between driving frequency, dissipative, and trapping rates. * donny.dwiputra@s.itb.ac.id † fpzen@fi.itb.ac.id