Minority ethnic status has been found to be related to higher levels of depressive symptoms among advlesctnts and adults. The present study examined the rates of depressive symptoms (as measured by the Center for Epidemiolagic Studies Defiression Scale: CES-D Scak) 0/270 Filipino American adolescents residing in rural and small-town areas of Hawaii. CES-D scores were compared with scores of a White group, and no ethnic differences were found. Compared with Filipino males, Filipino females were found Ui hove higher CES-D scores, with higher mean scores on the majority of the CES-D items. The feui Filipino students who reported attempting suicide had moderately high to very high levels of reported depressive symptoms. Lack of ethnic differences may be due to Hawaii's unique, cultural mix, where, there is no single "majority group" and a high rate of cultural interaction.
Engagement in real life practice has long been acknowledged as the most effective way to learn a trade or profession and practice learning is consistently highlighted by nursing and midwifery placement students for its impact on both their professional and personal development. The paper examines the current complexities of practice learning that have emerged from educational reform and policy and debates the increased interest in the development of alternative approaches to practice learning in the UK.
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