An enveloped, icosahedral DNA virus of 128 + 8 nm was isolated from metarnorphs of the ornate burrowing frog Limnodynastes ornatus (Gray) in Australia. At 25 "C the virus grew readily in 11 mammalian and 4 fish cell h e s (TCIDsO ml-' = 1 x 105 43 to 10' "), grew less well in the Atlantic salmon cell line (TCIDS0 ml-l = 1 X 103 and failed to grow in 5 insect cell lines. Growth was inhibited at temperatures above 33 "C. Cytopathic effects consisted of basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, rounding of infected cells, lifting from substrate and extensive destruction of the monolayer usually by 24 to 48 h postinfection. Methylation of DNA occurred during growth. The virus shares characteristics with Iridoviridae of amphibian origin, e.g. Ranavirus, and piscine origin, e.g. epizootic haernatopoeitic necrosis virus of redfin perch Perca fluviatilis.

No abstract

Organ donation after medical assistance in dying (MAID) has only been possible for patients having the MAID procedure performed at a hospital facility due to prohibitive warm ischemic times. Herein, we describe a protocol for lung donation following MAID at home and demonstrate excellent postoperative outcomes. Lung donation following MAID at home is possible and should be considered by transplant programs.

After the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents, a dealkylation reaction of the phosphylated serine, referred to as aging, can occur. When aged, known reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE are no longer effective. Realkylation of aged AChE may provide a route to reversing aging. We designed and synthesized a library of quinone methide precursors (QMPs) as proposed realkylators of aged AChE. Our lead compound (C8) from an in vitro screen successfully resurrected 32.7 and 20.4% of the activity of methylphosphonate-aged and isopropyl phosphate-aged electric-eel AChE, respectively, after 4 days. C8 displays properties of both resurrection (recovery from the aged to the native state) and reactivation (recovery from the inhibited to the native state). Resurrection of methylphosphonate-aged AChE by C8 was significantly pH-dependent, recovering 21% of activity at 4 mM and pH 9 after only 1 day. C8 is also effective against isopropyl phosphate-aged human AChE.

Summers et a1 (1974) and Miller and Campbell (1978) demonstrated an interstitial ovaritis in sections of ovaries from infertile heifers. Miller and Campbell (1978) reported 85% of 168 infertile heifers to show such lesions, while 72% of 25 pregnant heifers had similar lesions but of significantly lower severity. Serological studies by Summers et a1 (1974) showed no significant association of antibody titres with presence of these lesions in relation to Brucella abortus, Leptospira in terrogans serovars pomona and hardjo, Camplyobacter fetus or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.In attempts to demonstrate a virus as the cause of the ovaritis, emulsified ovarian extracts from 367 infertile heifers from 4 herds were routinely tested in bovine embryonic testes monolayers (BET), using gammaglobulin-free foetal calf serum (FCS) supplement in the culture medium. No viral agent was isolated, but subsequent tests (Ssentongo 1979) showed that ovarian extracts prepared by emulsification contained gammaglobulin, with specific neutralisation titres up to 32 for bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus being present in ovarian extracts from animals with circulatory antibody to this virus. As the presence of specific globulin in the extracts may have been associated with the negative results, a further 368 ovaries from infertile heifers from 4 herds were processed using trypsinisation of fresh ovary tissue previously minced by scissors, in preference to emulsification.Trypsinised cells were washed in phosphatebuffered saline, and shown by trypan-blue exclusion staining to have a mean 60% viability after an average slaughter-to-trypsinisation time of 6 hours. Cell yields were resuspended in media supplemented with 2% gammaglobulin-free FCS to an estimated 1:lOO dilution and aliquots of these ovarian cells were overlaid on to 75% confluent monolayers of third-passage BET cells. The medium was changed at 2 to 3 days when ovarian cells could be seen adherent to BET monolayers, and 'blind' passage of frozen, thawed, and clarified test culture fluids was made to fresh BET monolayers every 7 days. This procedure was repeated twice more, a total exposure time for samples of 21 days being allowed. Cultures which did not show cytopathic effects were tested for non-cytopathogenic BVD-MD virus by fluorescence and interference challenge (Ssentongo 1979).Of the 368 heifers tested, 78% showed antibody to a local strain of BVD-MD virus by microtitre serum neutralisation screening tests of serum at 1:lO final dilution (Ssentongo 1979). A total of 12 BVD-MD isolates was made from 346 samples (22 samples were bacterially contaminated or toxic), all from BVD-MD antibody positive heifers. Eight of these isolates were cytopathogenic, and 4 noncytopathogenic. The cytopathogenic strains were identified as BVD-MD viruses by neutralisation with rabbit antiserum prepared against the reference BVD-MD strain C24V (Oregon). The non-cytopathogenic isolates were identified as BVD-MD virus following repeat positive results of interference challen...