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This article examines the influence of street-level bureaucratic discretion over the timing of implementation on road safety policy outcomes. It is premised on freshly collected data from road users and traffic enforcement officers in Nairobi, Kenya. It employed Street-Level Bureaucratic Theory for purposes of conceptualization. It observed that traffic police divisions, like most street-level bureaucracies, are chronically under-resourced. They do not have sufficient officers and equipment to monitor safety police compliance and conduct traffic control activities among other roles. To cope with these challenges, they make discretionary choices over activities to concentrate on at any given time. Given that the police play an important role in fostering road safety policy compliance, the study concludes that their failure to target safety implementation at the time when the violations are prevalent is linked to the incessant road safety policy failures across the globe.

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This article examined the effectiveness of the existing framework for intergovernmental coordination in Kenya's multilevel governance system and its effects on the management of water services delivery. Based on a thematic analysis of interviews with policy actors from both levels of government, the findings indicate that, despite agreement among policy actors from both levels that there is a significant functional interdependence in the delivery of water services, the scope and frequency of coordination were less than anticipated under the devolution policy. This has negatively impacted water service delivery in numerous ways. The study demonstrates that the underlying causes of the observed weak intergovernmental coordination are factors related to persistent contestation of functional assignment between the two levels of government, resource allocation, and perceptions of national government encroachment into county functions which erodes trust and undermines service delivery.

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