The mortality of men employed in a plant manufacturing nickel alloys from metallic nickel and other metals has been examined. The plant has operated since May 1953, and 1925 men were identified who had been employed in the operating areas at the plant, other than as members of the staff, for a total of five or more years, excluding breaks. Analysis of samples of air obtained from personal samplers showed that since 1975 most of the men are likely to have been exposed to average concentrations of nickel of between 0-5 and 0 9 mg Ni/m3. All but 22 (1*1 %) of the men were successfully traced to 1 April 1978 or until they died or emigrated. One hundred and seventeen had died. The numbers of deaths observed from cancers of respiratory and other sites, other respiratory disease, ischaemic heart disease, and other causes of death were compared with the numbers expected from national and local mortality rates. No evidence of the existence of any occupational hazard was obtained. The number of deaths from lung cancer (15) in men employed for five years or more is small. At 98 % of the number expected at local rates it is statistically compatible with risks of between 0 5 and 2-2 times "normal."Work in nickel refineries in Canada, Norway, the USSR, and Wales has long been known to be associated with an increased risk of developing bronchial or nasal sinus cancer (see Sunderman' for review). The risk was at one time substantial; but despite this, it has not yet been possible to define precisely the conditions under which it occurred. Metallic nickel is carcinogenic in laboratory experiments in which it is injected into the muscles, pleura, or marrow of rats,2 but it does not necessarily follow that pure nickel is the responsible agent in man. The occupational cancers that have been observed were associated particularly with high temperature oxidation of nickel ore in some obsolete processes ofcalcining and sintering, and it is possible that the risk was characteristic of exposure to nickel subsulphide, which is the compound of nickel that most readily produces bronchial carcinoma in inhalation experiments on rats.3 Alternatively, it may have been due to a mixture of sulphides, oxides, and metallic nickel which are individually less active in laboratory experiments.2 We have, therefore, examined the mortality experience of men employed at Henry

This study examined the temporal relationship between objective measures of neighborhood crime and active transportation among children. A sample of 387 children aged 10–13 years from Kingston, Canada were studied between January 2015 and December 2016. Active transportation was measured over 7 days using Geographic Information System loggers. The number of crimes per capita were measured within a 1 km distance of participants' homes for the 24-month period prior to when their active transportation was measured. Surprisingly, children living in neighborhoods in the highest neighborhood crime rate quartile engaged in significantly more active transportation than children living in neighborhoods in the lowest neighborhood crime rate quartile (16.4 versus 10.2 min/day, p < 0.05). This relationship persisted after adjustment for several individual, family, and environmental covariates.

Literature on food insecurity (FI) and aging is limited and scattered across disciplines, the reasons for which include the nascence of the study of “hunger” more generally, and relatively lower rates of FI among older people. This scoping review synthesized and characterized the current research to prompt a more critical examination of food insecurity and aging. Data extraction included reviewing and characterizing the empirical, methodological and conceptual contributions of each study, accessed from selected health sciences and social sciences databases. Thirty-eight studies were included from 2,041 titles. Different methods and operationalizations of FI and age were found to be used across studies. Thematic analysis revealed, with few exceptions, consistent tendencies towards the biomedicalization of the FI issue alongside aging. These findings reinforce the value of population-level monitoring of FI and uptake of standard measures. Moving forward, the issue of FI and aging is an opportune topic for critical social analysis.