Existence of relationships between consumption viewed from quantitative as well as qualitative standpoint and level of economic development seems obvious. However, both food perception and food choices depend not only on the level of economic development, but they are also driven by innovative actions of food producers. The purpose of this paper was to analyse how current trends in food product innovations are related to the levels of national incomes in selected countries. An empirical analysis was performed using data on 15 food product innovation trends provided by XTC World Innovation Panorama, and the World Bank data on the GNI levels. It was shown that the level of economic development determines the direction of food innovations and related quality of food consumption. It leads to a conclusion that after reaching a certain threshold income, demand for the food quantity consumed becomes substituted with demand for food quality attributes.

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In the period 2000-2013 the Polish agro-food sector enjoyed a very dynamic growth. The research objective was to measure monopolistic markups based on labor input, which indicate the level of market power, with data and improved methodology proposed by Nekarda and Ramey [2013). The research object was the Polish food sector in the period 2002-2013. Taking into account overhead labor, CES production function and marginal wage different from average wage, six adjustments were used. Because of the corrections the average food sector markup increased from 17.7% of price in the baseline scenario to 67.9% of price when three corrections were implemented together. It appeared that the food sector markup in the analyzed period depending on the specification increased by 13.5 to 31.3%. Moreover, markups in the analyzed period proved to behave counter-cyclically regarding the business cycle.