No abstract

This paper is aimed to analyze the existing relationships and controlling functions between the urban green infrastructures on the resilience of the urban sprawl. The analysis begins questioning whether urban sprawl sustainable growth can be controlled after achieving urban supported by urban green infrastructure. The analytic method used is based on developing a conceptual and theoretical framework of reference to review the literature on the main variables of the research: Green infrastructure, resilience, and urban sprawl. It is concluded that while it is difficult to find linear causality in a direct relationship among the variables of the analysis, it is supported by the existence of more holistic connectivity leading to the controlling of the urban sprawl. The analysis suggests that a holistic approach is required to build urban resilience based on green infrastructure by addressing a fuller range of ecosystem disturbances and disasters, to create the outcomes that develop the environmental and ecological benefits of urban spectrum of ecosystem disturbances and disasters, to create the outcomes that develop the environmental and ecological benefits of urban sprawl.1 3 socioeconomic development. Urban biodiversity is decreasing over the years due to population growth, land-use changes, climate change, invasive species, etc. Urban land use, environmental and climate changes are driven by the densification of population expansion and development and are placing mounting pressure on urban biodiversity, ecosystem services, and resilience, leading to dysfunctional urban sprawl.The concept of ecological resilience is emerging in the middle of the challenges posed by climate change and the growing urbanization processes. Urban sprawl is related to the socioecosystem is complex and unpredictable ecological resilience because it includes the interaction of the social, psychological, physical, structural, engineering, natural, environmental and other resilient systems to build up and influence each other on the resilient city development.Socioecosystems and green infrastructure provide benefits in ecosystem services to improve human health and critical environmental and socioeconomic services. Environmental performance can integrate green infrastructure design, biodiversity, and ecosystem services into the green projects aimed to achieve economic and environmental benefits in energy, water, air quality, transportation and logistics, waste and materials, climate, bioeconomics, etc.Urban green spaces and infrastructure bring economic social and environmental benefits such as the mitigation of climate change and heat island effect, reduction and absorption of pollutants, maintenance of natural resources and landscape, increasing the attractiveness and beauty of urban landscape, connection between nature and sense of place, improvement of quality of life, etc.Green infrastructures and spaces offer benefits addressing multiple challenges to become economically viable for urban recipients properly recognized and quantified....

No abstract

This article explores green space planning in Warsaw between 1916 and 1954, as an example of the creative development of the concept of shaping green spaces through years in the city. Based on relevant plans and documents this study shows that regardless of the conditions or political system, the urban green areas adopted after the war was optimal, because it resulted from the real needs of the state capital, which after many years of partitions, regained independence, and thus the ability to self-decide about its further development. The article examines the impact of planning concepts from the interwar period on the reconstruction of Warsaw in shaping green spaces. The paper focuses on indicating the similarities and differences in urban plans derived from the interwar time and the “social-realistic” period. The research starts with studies at the general level and leads to detailed solutions. The research uses the method of critical analysis of source data, including cartographic studies and the comparative method. In addition to strictly scientific research methods, the study also uses artistic evaluation of the designed urban greenery assumptions. As a result of the war, many European cities suffered severe damages. Warsaw belonged to the most experienced in this area. Paradoxically, the city’s destruction has become an opportunity for rebuilding it as a better one, also in terms of strengthening the resources of green urban areas. Already in the pre-war period, the need to increase the city’s area resources was strongly articulated to enable a coherent and future-oriented urban policy. The idea of strengthening the field base constituting urban resources was at the root of the idea of cooperative activity so popular in the Scandinavian countries or Germany. However, in Poland, right after the war took a pathological form. Under the so-called decree on communalization, also called the Bierut Decree, the ownership of land within its administrative boundaries was transferred to the municipality of Warsaw, which facilitated the process of implementing changes. The concept of building Warsaw in 1945 assumed functional segregation of the city following the idea of Le Corbusier. The overall thought was to rebuilt Warsaw as the town for the new “socialist” type of citizens. Although the urban planners working during the so-called “social-realistic” period (1945-1954) affirmed that their ideas of the development of towns were entirely new, the plans prepared for Warsaw depict many similarities to the ones worked out in the interwar period, from 1916 on. At the same time, the plan assumed maintaining wedge-shaped zones of greenery entering downtown. Subsequent proposals of the first post-war years followed this principle. Subsequent concepts for the development of Warsaw arising in the second half of the 1940s were consistent with the assumptions of the Athens Charter of 1933, guaranteeing residents’ access to greenery, accompanying residential districts, or creating a city-wide recreational space.

No abstract