This research aimed to determine spore of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae collected from acid dry land of Central Lampung. The character of research was descriptive-explorative. Soil samples were collected by stratified random sampling method. The results indicated that amount of spore at rizospher area reached 33-311 spores/g of soil. There were 8 forms of mycorrhizae spores. The species of mycorrhizae found were Gigaspora margarita, Glomus moseae, Glomus versiforme, Acaulospora sp., Endogone piriformis, Smilacina racemosa, Entrophospora sp. and Scutellospora sp. Further research is needed for the exploitation land improvement of the effectiveness of natural mycorrhizae on acid dry land at Central Lampung.

Age determination of the sample specimen is very important for population dynamic research of R. sinensis (Gastropoda : Cerithiidae). Operculum is a “hard” part stick on the dorsal portion of the foot of gastropods. Operculum appeared on the day of the snails are born and have their own specific shape, size, and materials composition. The aim of this research was to describe the use of operculum in age determination of R. sinensis. The method used in this research was: the operculums were soaked into saturated sodium hydroxide, washed and mounted them in Canada balsam, and observed using binocular microscope. Regression analysis was used to find the relationship between length of operculum to length of shell, and number of adventicious layers of operculum to length of shell. The research resulted that the length of operculum was comparable with the shell length, with the regression line of Y=0.113X +1.898 (R2=0.857). The growth of adventitious’ layers of the operculum coincided with the growth of the shell that in the second year, the growth of adventitious layers was two layers a year. At the age of three and four, the growth was one layer a year. During the fifth, sixth and seventh years, the growth was only a layer within three years. The regression line was Y=0.168X (R2=0.872).