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Der Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: I. Skalenentwicklung Ziele: Entwicklung eines deutschsprachigen Verfahrens zur Erfassung von Alkoholwirkungserwartungen. </P><P> Methode: Reliabilität und interne Validität des Comprehensive Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (CAEQ) wurden an drei Stichproben überprüft. </P><P> Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse legen eine Fünffaktorenlösung nahe:<OL> <LI>Selbstsicherheit und positiver Affekt, <LI>Spannungsreduktion, <LI> Kognitive Beeinträchtigung und körperliche Beschwerden, <LI>Aggression, <LI>Sexualität. </OL>Retestreliabilität und interne Konsistenz können als zufriedenstellend bezeichnet werden. </P><P> Schlussfolgerungen: Der CAEQ ist ein reliables Verfahren zur Erfassung von Alkoholwirkungserwartungen. Die Dimensionen des CAEQ bilden Wirkungserwartungen von klinischer und theoretischer Relevanz ab.

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines ökonomischen Verfahrens zur Erfassung von Alkoholwirkungserwartungen. An einer Stichprobe von insgesamt 714 Erwachsenen - bzw. verschiedenen Teilstichproben - wurden erstmals Faktorenstruktur, psychometrische Eigenschaften und Validität einer deutschsprachigen Version des Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ) überprüft. Die Faktorenstruktur der deutschsprachigen Version entspricht nicht der des amerikanischen Originalinstruments. Eine zweifaktorielle Lösung lässt sich in Übereinstimmung mit den Annahmen psychologischer Modelle der Genese von Alkoholabhängigkeit und -missbrauch interpretieren: Faktor 1 (Erleichterung des Sozialkontakts) beschreibt eine Zunahme sozialer Kompetenz, Faktor 2 (Spannungsreduktion und Affektregulation) die Erwartung intrapsychischer Effekte. Zusammenhänge zwischen Konsummaßen und den AEQ-Summenwerten lassen sich als erste Hinweise auf die Validität des Verfahrens interpretieren.

Alcohol expectancies, i.e. the immediate effects of alcohol anticipated by an individual, have been shown to predict initiation of drinking during adolescence as well as transition from nonproblem to problem drinking. Moreover, cross-sectional studies have revealed that alcohol expectancies are related to both frequency and quantity of alcohol use. However, research has focused almost exclusively on nonclinical samples. While numerous studies have examined alcohol expectancies in college samples, little is known about the expectancies of alcohol-dependent individuals. The present study aimed to expand the research on alcohol expectancies by establishing the factor structure of the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ), the most frequently used expectancy scale, in a large sample of alcoholism treatment clients (N ¼ 685). Furthermore, gender differences and the relationship between expectancies and alcohol consumption were examined. Exploratory factor analysis identified two dimensions of alcohol expectancies. Factor one represented alcohol expectancies regarding social assertiveness, self-confidence, and mood management. With two exceptions all items loading on the second factor described alcohol-induced enhancement of sexual feelings. Comparing the findings of the present study with the results of previous expectancy research based on the responses of college students and other nonclinical samples revealed that these factors appear to be relatively uniform across studies. However, item statistics suggested that the structure derived from factor analysis may have been influenced by rate of endorsement. Women scored lower on factor one and the total score than men. Inclusion of the total score in regression analysis added to the prediction of alcohol consumption. The present results suggest that the findings of previous research should be interpreted with caution, since AEQ scores are not comparable across groups.Cognitive-behavioral models of drinking and relapse prevention emphasize the importance of alcohol outcome expectancies, i.e. the immediate effects of alcohol anticipated by an individual, in the development and maintenance of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (Marlatt and Gordon, 1985). Alcohol expectancies have been shown to predict initiation of drinking during adolescence (Aas et al., 1998) as well as transition from nonproblem to problem drinking (Christiansen et al., 1989). Moreover,

The development of screening instruments for the detection of paternal alcoholism is of both clinical and research interest. F-SMAST, an adapted version of the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST), has proven to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of an individual’s father’s drinking history. The present investigation examines the reliability of a German version of the F-SMAST. Internal consistency and test-retest stability (Pearson correlation coefficients on unweighted total scores; ĸ statistics and Yule’s Y of the individual items) are evaluated in a sample of undergraduates (n = 202). Internal consistency of the F-SMAST is re-evaluated in a second study by analysing the responses of alcohol-dependent in-patients (n = 205). The German version of the F-SMAST exhibited excellent reliability in terms of internal consistency and test-retest stability of the unweighted total scores. Test-retest agreement of the individual items was in the acceptable range. Taking into account the lifetime prevalence of alcoholism and several background variables (e.g. marital status and number of real children) a cut score of 6 or 7 on the F-SMAST seems appropriate for the detection of paternal alcoholism.