The article reviews publications devoted to the issue of optimization of nutrition of children and adolescents including school nutrition, various ways of formation of eating habits, succession of home and school nutrition, nutrition of children with alimentary-dependent diseases and children who go in for sports, quality of raw materials and products for school nutrition, and nutrition using new products. The information was searched for with eLIBRARY.RU, PUBMED, Web of Science and Scopus information portals and platforms from 2007 to 2021. Publications related to the issue were assessed while studying at school and during distance learning. Modern issues of nutrition of schoolchildren such as disturbances of alimentary behavior and underdeveloped skills of nutritional culture, dietary habits of schoolchildren with alimentary-dependent diseases and approaches to nutrition optimization at educational institutions are highlighted. The ways of prevention of alimentary-dependent diseases are estimated by way of inclusion of functional products into the diet of schoolchildren. Principal methodical and regulatory documents that can help reduce risks of alimentary-dependent diseases are mentioned. Pressing trends of researches regarding the reviewed topic were suggested to preserve health of schoolchildren as far as healthy nutrition goes.

Protection of the schoolgirls' reproductive health that often depends on many factors, one way or another associated with low awareness of the issue, is a global priority in modern society. The study was aimed to assess the factors that affect reproductive health of the school-age girls. An online questionnaire survey of 100 girls aged 15–18 aimed at detecting reproductive health problems was carried out in Moscow. The average age of menarche was 12.3 ± 1.2 years, however, there were girls, who had menarche at the age of 10 years (10%), and those, who had menarche after the age of 14 (7%), among schoolgirls. Blood spotting between periods was observed in 21% and pelvic pain in 44% of schoolgirls; 81% had severe pain. Irritability, aggression, easy crying, rapid fatigue, and faintness before and during the periods were reported by 98%; swelling, weight gain, abdominal distension, constipation, diarrhea, breast engorgement and soreness were reported by 73%; headache, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, increased sensitivity to smell and sound were noted by 50%; high blood pressure, heart-related pain, increased heart rate, panic attacks were reported by 21%; menstrual disorders were observed in 16% of school-age girls. The study showed that 60% of schoolgirls demonstrated medium awareness, 28% showed high awareness, and 12% had insufficient knowledge about reproductive health. The schoolgirls' insufficient awareness of the reproductive health-related issues is a major medical and social challenge that can negatively affect the schoolgirls' reproductive health and cause not only various reproductive system disorders, but also reproductive losses and even infertility later in life.

Shaping healthy lifestyle in high school seniors is one of the main challenges of society. The high school seniors' lifestyle is formed under the influence of their parents and teachers. The study was aimed to form a picture of the hygienic profile of high school seniors, their parents and teachers. An online questionnaire survey of 158 high school students aged 15–18, 113 parents, 202 teachers was carried out. It has been found that 88.6% of high school seniors spend much time on electronic gadgets, 37.2% spend more than three hours on homework, 39.9% sleep less than six hours per day, 35.3% drink alcohol, 12.7% have tried smoking, 4.0% smoke, 17.3% spend less than 60 min per day outdoors, 54.3% have insufficient physical activity, 25% do not follow principles of healthy eating, 25.1% eat cooked meals less than two times a day, 11.0% have a late supper. Among parents, spending much time on lectronic gadgets is reported in 30.1%, furthermore, 46.9% of them do nothing to improve their health, 55.7% sleep less than six hours per day, 25.6% drink alcohol, 11.5% smoke, 49.6% have insufficient physical activity, 20.4% do not follow principles of healthy eating, 15.0% have a late supper. As for teachers, spending much time on lectronic gadgets is reported in 37.8%, 41.7% of teachers do nothing to improve their health, 59.2% sleep less than six hours per day, 9.5% drink alcohol, 9.5% smoke, 42.8% have insufficient physical activity, 38.3% do not follow principles of healthy eating, 26.0% have a late supper. The hygienic profile of high school seniors, their parents and teachers demonstrates unhealthy lifestyle choices that pose a challenge for their lifestyle and health.