The lizard cortex has remarkable similarities with the mammalian hippocampus. Both regions process memories, have similar cytoarchitectural properties, and are important neurogenic foci in adults. Lizards show striking levels of widespread neurogenesis in adulthood and can regenerate entire cortical areas after injury. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulatory factor of mammalian neurogenesis and hippocampal function. However, little is known about its role in nonmammalian neurogenesis. Here, we analyzed the distribution, morphology, and dendritic complexity (Neurolucida reconstructions) of NO-producing neurons through NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) activity, and how they compare with the distribution of doublecortin-positive (DCX+) neurons in the hippocampal formation of the neotropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus. NADPHd-positive (NADPHd+) neurons in the dorsomedial cortex (DMC; putatively homologous to mammalian CA3) were more numerous and complex than the ones in the medial cortex (MC; putatively homologous to the dentate gyrus). We found that NADPHd+ DMC neurons send long projections into the MC. Interestingly, in the MC, NADPHd+ neurons existed in 2 patterns: small somata with low intensity of staining in the outer layer and large somata with high intensity of staining in the deep layer, a pattern similar to the mammalian cortex. Additionally, NADPHd+ neurons were absent in the granular cell layer of the MC. In contrast, DCX+ neurons were scarce in the DMC but highly numerous in the MC, particularly in the granular cell layer. We hypothesize that NO-producing neurons in the DMC provide important input to proliferating/migrating neurons in the highly neurogenic MC.
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as alterações orçamentárias realizadas entre os anos de 2014 e 2022 nos municípios que possuem os cinco maiores Produtos Internos Brutos do Sul de Minas Gerais, comparando os percentuais autorizados na Lei Orçamentária Anual e abertos no exercício financeiro, assim como as fontes de recursos utilizadas para os créditos adicionais. Para realização da pesquisa foi feito levantamento de dados dos municípios analisados no site do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e no Portal Fiscalizando com o TCE – Minas Transparente, o que caracteriza a pesquisa como documental quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os municípios realizam excessivas suplementações orçamentárias, acima da recomendação do limite máximo de 30% do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Minas Gerais. Os percentuais autorizados e aprovados são insuficientes no decorrer do exercício financeiro, ensejando novas aberturas de créditos adicionais por fontes de recursos diversas, o que demonstra falha no planejamento da gestão orçamentária.
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