Liver cirrhosis is one of the major non communicable diseases, which is expected to be a prime health care concern of the 21 st century. In the present world, the number of persons suffering from the liver disorders is increasing. This may be due to the change in lifestyle and many stress related factors. Identification of the demography of patients with cirrhosis is of great importance in the current health care scenario for the calculation of prevalence of this frustrating disease. The aim of the study was to observe the clinical profile and treatment pattern in cirrhotic patients. This was an observational prospective study carried out in in-patient department of Gastroenterology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of 8 months. 150 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. Specially designed standardized data collection form was used. From this study, we identified that the majority of the patients were male who belonged to the age group 51-60 years and majority of them were from urban area. Positive family history was noted in few patients. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom seen in majority of the cirrhotic patients. Most of the patients belonged to the Child Pugh Class C category. Antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed category of drug. Among this, cephalosporins were the most frequently used drug.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the antibiotic usage pattern in patients of the pediatric department in ESI Hospital, Indiranagar, Bangalore. Methods: A prospective six-month observational study was conducted in the pediatric department. The history of the patients was collected from the case sheets and the patient demographic details were also collected. The details of antibiotics prescribed and the other therapy applied to the patients were collected in terms of dosage, duration, and route of administration. The antibiotic consumption was assessed based on qualitative and quantitative indicators which assess the appropriateness of antibiotic use, and the dosage of antibiotics prescribed, respectively. Regarding the qualitative evaluation of antibiotic consumption, the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline was considered to appraise compliance with indication and dosing. Results: Distribution of drug prescription indicators showed that the average number of drugs per encounter was 3.7, which is more than the standards suggested by WHO and should be reduced as much as possible to mitigate polypharmacy and its consequences. 93.45% of encounters existed leastwise with one or more antibiotics, which was higher than the WHO standards. Almost 56.08% of drugs were prescribed considering their generic name, which was very much lower than the ideal percentage recommended by WHO. Conclusion: The percentage of encounters with one or more antibiotics was very higher than the WHO standard percentage, which indicates the irrationality of antibiotic prescribing. To minimize the irrationality of prescriptions and their inappropriateness, effective interventions and compliance with antibiotic prescribing guidelines are required.