Response of two sorghum cultivars namely Hegari and JS-263 to different NP levels of 0-0, 50-0, 100-0, 50-50, 100-50 and 100-100 kg haG 1 was studied under field conditions. The cultivar Hegari gave significantly higher green fodder and dry matter yield due to greater plant height, stem diameter and leaf area plantG 1. The crude fiber per cent and ash per cent were also significantly higher for cultivar Hegari. A progressive increase in yield was observed with fertilizer application up to 100 kg N + 50 kg P 2 0 5 haG 1 whereas, the quality parameters such as protein content, crude fiber and ash percent were significantly higher with NP application of 100 + 100 kg haG 1. The cultivar Hegari and fertilizer level of 100 kg N + 50 kg P 2 0 5 haG 1 seems to be the best combination for harvesting higher fodder yield of sorghum under Faisalabad conditions.

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Sugarcane somaclones and their sources varieties were analyzed by RAPD molecular markers to check the variation at molecular level based on 1.4% agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). Six RAPD primers generated 237 bands with average 39.5 varied from 15 to 63 with size ranging 145 -1000 bp among the four sugarcane varieties and their 12 somaclones. Genetic diversity or polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.39 to 0.50 for all loci across the 4 varieties and their 12 somaclones based on RAPD markers. Dendrogram based on linkage distance using unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) based on 6 RAPD primers indicated segregation of the 4 sugarcane varieties and their somaclones into two main clusters at linkage distance 36. Variety Isd 39 was observed in main cluster C1 while its (Isd 39) somaclones and other varieties (Isd 37, Isd 38 and Isd 40) and also their somaclones were found in main cluster C2 having different sub-clusters. Theirfore, it may be concluded that RAPD markers can be used for identification of somaclonal variation and the relationship between sources varieties and their somaclones.

The experiment was conducted to find out red rot disease causing pathogenic reactions of somaclones (R 0 ) and their respective parents at BSRI farm in the cropping season [2011][2012]. A total number of sugarcane genotypes 24 including 4 sugarcane varieties viz. Isd 37, Isd 38, Isd 39 and also Isd 40 were inoculated to screen red rot resistant levels (R = Resistant, MR = Moderately Resistant) to susceptible levels (S = Susceptible, MS = Moderately Susceptible, HS = Highly Susceptible) after 7 months of planting. As a result, Isd 37 variety (source/parent) and its somaclones CC-37-12 and CC-37-86 were found to be resistant while 7 somaclones showed moderately resistant reaction. Furthermore, somaclones of Isd 38 variety viz. CC-38-2 as moderately resistant, CC-38-10 as moderately susceptible and also CC-11(38)-8 as susceptible reaction were recorded while Isd 38 variety showed resistant reaction. On the other hand, Isd 39 and Isd 40 source varieties with their somaclones were found as resistant reaction against red rot pathogen. Some somaclones showed different reaction from their source varieties such as moderately resistant somaclones were obtained from resistant source variety Isd 37 while somaclones CC-38-2 as moderately resistant, CC-38-10 as moderately susceptible and somaclone CC-38-8 as susceptible were obtained from resistant source variety Isd 38 against red rot pathogens respectively. Besides, some somaclones showed similar reaction from their resistant source varieties Isd 37, Isd 39 and also Isd 40. It revealed that reaction against red rot pathogen, induced somaclones showed variation with their source varieties. Red rot resistance somaclones were isolated and assessed for

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