Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer related mortality in the developing countries, although preventable. The aim of this study was to use a retrospective descriptive study to determine the prevalence and the clinico-pathological characteristics of cervical cancer among genital tract ma-lignancies. This study reviewed all histologically confirmed female genital tract malignancies for cervical cancers from January 2002 to December 2011. The clinico-pathological features of women with cervical cancer were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18). A total of 1011(70.8%) out of 1,427 female genital tract malignancies were cervical cancers. The average prevalence of cervical cancer was 71.0%. The mean age of women with cervical cancer was 57.8(SD=13.8) years. The youngest patient was 22 years. The commonest (76.9%) presentation was bleeding per vaginalm followed by fungating cervical masses (12.4%). Majority (88.9%) of the bleeding were unprovoked and in postmenopausal women (98.8%). The major types of cervical cancers were Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (90.1%) and adenocarcinoma (5.8%), both were common in the elderly. The com-mon histological subtypes of cervical cancers in the study were; keratinizing SCC (73.3%), non-keratinizing SCC (14.7%), endometroid adenocarcinoma (4.5%), adenosquamous carcinoma (2.6%) and basaloid SCC (1.4%). This study found high prevalence of cervical cancer among female geni-tal tract cancers in Accra Ghana. The women were relatively older and presented with advanced stage of the disease. SCC was the major histological type of cervical cancer.Keywords: Ghana, cervical cancer, postmenopausal, women, premalignant, genital tract
Background: Burgeoning evidences have correlated self-control to desirable outcomes. A recent work found in literature has indicated that self-control relied on glucose; but there is no such data in Ghana. Hence, a replicative study is needed to investigate this further and this was the focus of the current study. Aim: The purpose was to determine the association between blood glucose levels and self-control score in medical students under exams condition. Method: The convenience sample consisted of 105 first year medical students of the University of Ghana Medical School (UGMS). These students' were interviewed using a structured questionnaire for demographic, self-control information and clinical information after ethical clearance and informed consent. Three mL venous blood samples were obtained for determination of blood sugar levels before mini students' exams and 10 minutes after students' interim assessment. The data obtained was entered into an excel spread sheet (Microsoft company, USA) and analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results: Self-control schedule (SCS) formed a unique pattern with blood glucose levels. However, there was no relationship between gender and SCS [chi-square (2df)=0.120, p=0.942]; but with the introduction of interim assessment as the stressor, SCS in females increased with increased exams score. Conclusion: Self-control task could possibly depend on glucose.
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