Melasma is a common acquired hypermelanosis of the face, the treatment of which is challenging. The pathogenesis of melasma is complex and multifactorial. The classical triggering factors of melasma include positive family history, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and hormonal factors. Apart from this, newer theories implicated in the pathogenesis of melasma include neural and vascular factors, impairment of barrier function, function of visible light, and other molecular pathways. Recent studies have also suggested the importance of cells other than the melanocytes such as keratinocytes, fibroblast, mast cells, and cutaneous vasculature in the pathogenesis of melasma. Identification of these factors will help in targeted treatment, which may have longer remission and reduced relapse rates.

As infrequent as it may be, a calcifying odontogenic tumor As infrequent as it may be, a calcifying odontogenic tumor is more commonly seen in the late decades of life. It is a locally aggressive lesion that might interfere function by virtue of its expansile growth through the cortices of the involved jaw. This is a case report of Pindborg tumor in 11 year old male in the right mandibular body region and a rundown on the various investigations done and the final treatment plan adopted. A review of literature on the lesion and justification for the chosen treatment modality is included.